Theories and Models of Exercise Behaviour Flashcards
What is the difference between a model and a theory?
A model is an abstract representation of a phenomenon or set of related phenomena.
A theory is a set of statements that provides a causal explanation of a set of phenomena.
Give an example of a belief-attitude approach to exercise behaviour?
Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985)
Give an example of a competence-based approach?
Self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977)
Give an example of a control-based approach?
Self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1980)
Give an example of a stage-based approach?
Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1983)
Give an example of a hybrid approach?
Health Action Plan Approach (HAPA) (Schwarzer, 2014)
What are the main 3 theories that the Integrated Behaviour Model draws on?
Theory of Planned Behaviour, Self-determination theory, and dual-systems theory (reflective-impulsive model)
Outline the IBC model by Hagger and Chatzisarantis (2014)
Behaviour is affected by intention (1), which is affected by attitude (2), subjective norm (3) and perceived behavioural control (4). For the intention to lead to the behaviour, action planning (5) is required. Autonomous motivation influences each of the attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (6,7,8). Autonomous motivation also has an direct influence on intention and behaviour. Implicit attitudes (9) and implicit motivation (10) also directly influence the behaviour.
Which part of the IBC model is the Ajzen’s (1985) Theory of planned behaviour?
Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control influencing the intention which influences the behaviour
What did a meta-analysis by Hagger et al (2002) show regarding the strength of the relationship between exercise behaviour and its antecedants?
Intention is strongly related to exercise behaviour.
Attitude and perceived behavioural control are related to behaviour with a medium-to-large effect size and related to intention with a large effect size.
Subjective norm is related to exercise behaviour and intention with a small effect size.
What are some limitations of the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
- No clear definition of perceived behavioural control (so it’s hard to measure)
- Factors such as demographics and personality are not included
- The more time between intent and actually doing the behaviour the less likely it will happen
- Ignores unconscious motives
Outline Deci and Ryan’s (1980) Self-determination theory
SDT is a needs-based organismic theory of motivation, requiring the satisfaction of certain psychological needs:
Competence (To feel that one can reliably produce desired outcomes and/or avoid negative outcomes)
Autonomy (To feel that one is acting in accord with one’s sense of self)
Relatedness (To feel close to others and emotionally secure in one’s relationships)
What does the SDT state about autonomous and controlled motivation?
Autonomously motivated individuals persist with the behaviour without external reinforcement whilst controlled motivation individuals will only persist with it whilst the controlling contingencies are present.
What is involved in the reflective-impulsive model?
Deliberative (reflective) pathway:
Utilization of stored knowledge about a behaviour (e.g., beliefs) and available social information to arrive at a decision to act
Spontaneous (impulsive) pathway:
Activation of behavioural schema (stored ‘‘ways of behaving’’) based on previous experience usually through cues or elements in the environment
What are implicit attitudes and implicit motivations?
Implicit attitudes: Evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self
Implicit motivation: Relatively stable, unconscious needs, representing affective preferences
