Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Theories and Methods > Flashcards

Theories and Methods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define empirical

A

Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define value-free

A

Where a researchers personal opinions, beliefs and feelings are kept out of the research process so that data collected is not influenced by the personal biases of the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define value-laden

A

The researcher is weighed down by their values and cannot escape them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define positivism

A

Emphasise the use of quantitative data to remain detached from the research process and to uncover social trends and correlations which are generalisable to society as a whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define verteshen

A

A researcher aims to understand another persons experience by putting themselves in the other persons shoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define value-committed

A

Sociologists will use their positions of power and insight to give a voice to the deprived and in doing so, we can bring about social change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define objective

A

Knowledge which is free of the biases, opinions and values of the researcher, it reflects what is really out there in the social world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define subjective

A

Knowledge based purely on the opinions of the individual, reflecting their values and biases, their point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define falsification

A

Researchers deliberately look for evidence to disprove their hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define paradigm

A

A particular and accepted set of thoughts and assumptions about the way things are and the way research should be done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define interpretivism

A

Want to know the meanings actors give to their own actions, what their own interpretation of their action is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Popper (1935)

A

Suggested that science involves the hypothetico-deductive method which involves drawing up a specific research question, idea or possible explanation and testing through research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positivists on sociology being a science

A

Agree
Social laws governing human behaviour in social world
Sociologists should use the logic and method of the natural sciences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Popper on sociology being a science

A

Agree
Believes the hypothetic-deductive method is logically flawed
Says H-O model assumes there is enough evidence, it proves hypothesis correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kuhn (1970)

A

Argues normal science operates in a paradigm
Only when a whole lot of research doesn’t fit into the accepted paradigm, it is challenged and ultimately a new paradigm is instated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Keat and Urry (1982)

A

Stresses the similarity between sociology and certain types of science
Closed system: where variables can be controlled and precise measurement can be taken
Open system: not all variables can be controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define aim

A

Statement that identifies what a sociologist intends to study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define hypothesis

A

Statement which a researcher will address in their research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Operationalising concepts

A

Making the research aim and/or hypothesis testable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Quantitative data

A

Data in the form of numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data in the form of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Primary data

A

Generated by the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Secondary data

A

Data that already exists

24
Q

Public documents

A

Those which are produced for public knowledge i.e. OFSTED reports

25
Q

Personal documents

A

Usually private documents for a persons own use, which record is part of a persons life i.e. diaries, letters

26
Q

Define reliability

A

If research can be repeated and obtain the same or similar results, it is reliable

27
Q

Define representativeness

A

Research is representative, if it can be generalised to fit the wider pop

28
Q

Define validity

A

Research is valid if it represents an accurate picture of what is happening

29
Q

Practical issues examples

A

Time, finance, source of funding

30
Q

Ethical issues examples

A

Informed consent, covert research, confidentiality

31
Q

Theoretical issues examples

A

Validity, reliability, representability

32
Q

Define norms

A

Unwritten rules of behaviour within a society

33
Q

Define values

A

Goals that society tells us we should be aiming for

34
Q

Functionalism

A

Structural consensus approach. Institutions work together for the good of the whole. Organic analogy.

35
Q

Marxism

A

Structural conflict approach. Society is in conflict between classes. Bourgeoisie oppress proletariat through various social institutions.

35
Q

Key functionalists

A

Durkheim, Parsons, Merton

36
Q

Key marxists

A

Marx, Engels, Althusser, Gramsci

37
Q

Feminism

A

Structural conflict approach. Society as a conflict between men and women. Women disadvantaged through social institutions.

38
Q

Key feminists

A

Anne Oakley, Germaine Greer, Firestone

39
Q

Interactionism

A

How individual influences their society through their interactions with others and social institutions.

40
Q

Key interactionists

A

Goffman, Cooley, Weber

41
Q

Postmodernism

A

Sees society as diverse and in a less structured way. Believe people have more choice which means they shape their reality.

42
Q

Key postmodernists

A

Lyotard, Baudrillard, Giddens

43
Q

SSNF

A

System- social institutions
System needs- needs that social insinuations need to meet
Functions- social institutions function for good of the whole

44
Q

Types of feminism

A

Liberal, radical, marxist, intersectional, duel system

44
Q

GAIL

A

4 Basic Needs of Society
Goal attainment
Adaption
Intergration
Latency

45
Q

4 types of action

A

Instrumental rational
Value rational
Traditional
Affectual

46
Q

Labelling theory

A

We take on labels and give labels to others and that makes us act in certain ways. We become what others see us as.

47
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Actions based on the meanings we give to situations, events and those around us

48
Q

Dramaturgical model

A

Front stage self- what people see
Back stage self- our true selves

49
Q

Phenomenology

A

World makes sense because we impose meaning and order to it. Share meaning with others.

50
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

How people construct the common sense knowledge, rules and processes we use to produce the meanings in the first place.

51
Q

Define metanarrative

A

The big picture, a singular truth which explains the world around us

52
Q

6 sampling methods

A

Random, stratified, systematic, quota, opportunity and snowball

53
Q

Define social policy

A

Laws made by the government made to improve society or deal with a social policy

Sociology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions