Theories and approaches Flashcards
3 Keys for Alfred Binet?
the beginning of intelligence testing
1) invented 1st intelligence test
2) test estimated childs mental age
3) was commissioned initially to assist children with learning difficulties
3 Keys for Lewis Terman?
Adapted intelligence testing
1) adapted US version of Stanford-Binet test still used today
2) work led to standardised testing
3) IQ is from now on synonymous with intelligence
3 keys of Charles Spearman?
g
1) Used factor analysis to research intelligence
2) coined ‘g’ general intelligence
3) posited that ‘g’ underlies all cognitive processes.
3 keys of Louise thurstone?
7
1) questioned Spearmans ‘g’
2) put forth that 7 mental abilities underly ‘g’ general intelligence
3) the 7 primary abilities; ANPRSVW (associative memory, numbers, Perceptual speed, reasoning, visual spatial, word fluency
3 keys of Raymond Cattell?
crystals
1) differentiated between crystalised and fluid intelligence
2) coined ‘source traits’ and ‘surface traits’
3) coined the 16PF (16 personality factor questionaire)
3 keys of David Wechsler?
WAIS
1) Developed Wechsler’s adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
2) put forth new sum of intelligence: actual test score / expected score x 100
3) One of the firts theorists to acknowledge cultural and environmental factors as influences on intelligence.
3 Keys of Abraham Maslow?
bd, hier, self-A
1) coined the Hierarchy of needs
2) coined self-actualisation and peak experiences
3) categorised b-motives and d-motives
3 Keys of Gordan Allport?
CCS, Father of, functioning
1) categorised personality in cardinal, central and secondary traits
2) categorised propriate functioning and opportunistic functioning
3) known as the father of the trait/humanistic theory
Key thing William Stern did?
formula
calculated the formula of Mental age / chronological age X 100.
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3 Keys for Howard Gardner?
multiple
1) coined multiple intelligence theory
2) posited 9 intellligenced; VILEMINKL; Visual, intra-personal, linguistic, existential, musical, inter-personal, naturalist, kinetic + logical
2 Keys for Robert Sternberg?
triarch
1) coined triachic theory of intelligence
2) categorised intelligence as Analytic, creative and practical
3 keys for Friedman + Rosenman?
Tobacco
1) categorised Type A and type B personality
2) defined Coronary (type A) and non-coronary (Type B) prone in regards to heart disease’ connection with personality
3) Theory was heavily criticised/ controversial for its connection to the tobacco industry having received funding from them
3 Keys of Julian Rotter?
SLT, Locus
1) Developed social learning theory
2) coined the locus of control (external/internal)
3) invented the ITS interpersonal trust scale
3 Keys of George Kelly?
construct, coral
1) coined personal construct theory
2) noted 11 corollaries of fundamental postulate; MISFEDORCCC (modulation, Individuality, sociality, fragmentation, experience, dichotomy, organisation, range, commonality, choice + construction)
3) Postulated humans are future oriented
