Theories and 4 pillars of ethics Flashcards
what is primitive consequtionalism
goes along the basis of.. - An action is good if its actual consequences is good
- An action is bad if its actual consequences are evil
what did Jeremy Bentham come up with
he came up with.a modified version of consequentialism called mordern consequentialism
what is modern consequentialism
does not rely to actual consequences but relies on intended consequences, you intended to do a good thing but your action is good regardless of the consequence
what did John Stuart Mill come up with
utilisation
describe utilisation
how do we know what makes an intended consequence an d intention good – criteria for what makes one intention good and one intention bad – an intended consequence is good if it maximises utility (utilisation)
define categorical imperative
categorical imperative says that you have a moral duty to abide by a law if you are willing to universalise the law, you don’t have a moral duty to abide by a law that your not willing to universalise
what is deontology
- Deontology – beauty based theory – immunal kant, german philosopher, - criteria for what is good and what is bad is not about consequences but about principles, action is good if it is good in itself, provided a criteria – for example lying could have different consequences and different intentions, Kant said – if you would like all people to not lie then you have a moral criteria – matter of principle and things need to be a universal principle
what did Kant come up with
Deontology
Categorical Imperative
what is virtue theory
if you want to know what the right thing is to do look at the virtuous person and see what they are doing then do what they do – problem is what makes someone virtuous,
what is casuistry theory
originally in catholic theory, which states if you want to know what the right thing is to do and you don’t know how to behave look for a similar case in what you already know what the right thing to do is, find a similar dilemma and draw from this to the case in question
what is the 4 principle approach
- autonomy
- beneficence
- non-maleficent
- justice
describe autonomy
- First principle is autonomy and respecting the autonomy of the patient
describe beneficence
- Second principle is beneficence – (not be confused with benevolence,) it means being good if this is what the patient wants
describe non-maleficence
- Third principle is non-maleficence – (different from do no harm), it means don’t do any harm that the patient wants you to do, if the patient wants you to harm them harm them
describe the doctrine double effect
some actions have two consequences one good one bad, if the good effect outweighs the bad effect (how do we know?but presumpvely we can) and we only intended to have the good effect and had no intention of having the bad effect then the action is justified.
