Theories Flashcards
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Change happens through…
…self-awareness and congruent communication
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Role of therapist
- active facilitator
- genuine/warm
- honest/direct/trustworthy
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Key concepts/interventions
- family life chronology*
- incongruence
- styles of communication (placater/blamer/computer/distracter/leveler)
- modeling direct communication
- respect for differences leads to growth
- family sculpting
- taking responsibility
STRUCTURAL
4 important characteristics of healthy family
Generational hierarchy
Parental coalition/alliance
Spousal subsystem
Clear boundaries
STRUCTURAL
Role of therapist
- Active and involved
- Member of the family, Uncle
STRUCTURAL
Interventions:
Joining
Mimesis
Unbalancing
Enactment
Boundary making
Joining: becoming part of family
Mimesis: tracking and using family’s style of communication
Unbalancing: taking the side of whoever is in one-down position
Enactment: in transactional patterns in real time, therapist can take control and change
Boundary making: chair here, chair there
STRUCTURAL
Change occurs through…
…restructuring family’s organization
BOWEN
Change occurs by…
…understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation
BOWEN
Role of Therapist
- coach/educator/investigator
- neutral
BOWEN
Key concepts
- triangles
- differentiation
- multigenerational transmission
- emotional cutoff
BOWEN
Interventions
- genogram
- detriangulation
- teaching “I” statements
- opening cut off relationships
STRATEGIC
Change occurs through…
…action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions
STRATEGIC
Role of therapist
- directive/problem solver
- addresses each person
STRATEGIC
Interventions
- prescribing the symptom
- homework
- reverse psychology
CBT
Change occurs by…
…modifying dysfunctional thought patterns
CBT
Role of therapist
-collaborative teacher
CBT
Concepts
- negative cognitive triad (view of self, world, future)
- automatic thoughts
- schemas
CBT
Interventions
- psychoeducate
- cognitive restructuring
- self-monitoring
- homework
- relaxation training
REBT
Change occurs through…
…changing irrational beliefs to rational ones
REBT
Role of therapist
- instructor
- confrontational & direct
REBT
Key concepts
- ABC (activating event, belief, consequence/response)
- common irrational beliefs among all people
- self/other/life acceptance*
- meditation, journaling
DBT
Change occurs through…
…mindfulness, emotional regulation, interpersonal problem solving
DBT
Role of therapist
- ally
- validating
- coach, offering alternatives
DBT
Key concepts
- mindfulness
- distress tolerance
- interpersonal effectiveness (assertiveness/communication training)
- homework, skill building
REALITY
Change occurs through…
…identifying and meeting needs, satisfying relationships
REALITY
Role of therapist
- nurturing/supportive/nonjudgmental
- patient coach
REALITY
Key concepts
- choice: sense of control, empowerment, responsibility
- we all have 5 needs: love/belonging, power/achievement, freedom, fun/relaxation, survival
- all behavior is seeking to have needs met
- act irresponsibly when imbalanced/needs unmet
REALITY
Interventions
- self-evaluation
- focus on present choices, avoid past problems
- explore wants, needs, perceptions (not feelings)
- action plans
- humor
CLIENT-CENTERED
Change occurs through…
…safe relationship with therapist that includes congruence/genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy
CLIENT-CENTERED
Role of therapist
- nondirective
- avoids pathologizing
- facilitator for growth and change
CLIENT-CENTERED
Key concepts
- congruence
- unconditional positive regard
- empathy
- self-actualization
- locus of control
GESTALT
Change occurs through…
…increased awareness of here & now (as it is influenced by the past) through relationship with therapist
GESTALT
Role of therapist
- real/authentic person
- present
- nondirective, nonjudgmental
- no interpretation
GESTALT
Key concepts
- phenomenological method (explore experience by description)
- dialogical relationship: therapist being present allows for client to become fully present
- experiential/experimental: try something new and see what happens
GESTALT
Interventions
- empty chair technique
- experiments in here & now to experience a feeling
- body techniques (ex: “cold metal ball” in stomach)
- focus on process, not as much content
EXISTENTIAL
Change occurs through…
…finding philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety, acting authentically and responsibly
EXISTENTIAL
Role of therapist
- essential presence
- real and genuine
- hold accountable to personal responsibility
EXISTENTIAL
Key concepts
- all people have capacity for self-awareness
- freedom doesn’t come without responsibility
- all people have unique identities, which are revealed fully in relationships
- continually recreating the self, nothing is fixed
- death gives significance to life
- anxiety is inherent in living, part of the gig
EXISTENTIAL
Interventions
- moment to moment process
- “holding” the problem experience up so it may be seen/re-experienced/remembered
- empathic availability
- revisiting painful experiences with presence of supportive other
- “honoring the pain,” respecting it, looking at it as significant/meaningful
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Change occurs through…
…experiential encounter, especially with therapist
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Role of therapist
- authentic
- playful, creative
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Key concepts
- battle for structure (therapist requires entire family to be in sessions)
- battle for initiative (don’t work harder than your client, don’t break silence)
- trial of labor (assess and understand inner workings of family dynamic)
- activating constructive anxiety (reframe anxiety as efforts toward competency)
- play, humor, “craziness” (finding solutions creatively)
NARRATIVE
Change occurs through…
…separating the person from the problem, creating a new narrative that emphasizes strengths
NARRATIVE
Role of therapist
- collaborative
- investigator
- co-author
- views clients as experts on their own lives
NARRATIVE
Interventions
- externalizing the problem*
- mapping the influence* (how does x influence you in work, school, home, etc?)
- re-authoring story
- identifying unique outcomes (times when client resisted effects of the problem)
- enlisting a witness
SFT
Change occurs by…
…accessing client’s strengths and resources
SFT
Role of therapist
- consultant
- coach
- no use of “problem” language
SFT
Interventions
- exception questions (when were things easier? what was different?)
- miracle question
- scaling questions (positively focused)
- presupposing change (what’s better since we last met?)
- coping questions
- affirmations/compliments
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Change occurs through…
…insight/understanding of early, unresolved issues and unconscious drives
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Role of therapist
- nondirective
- relationship is tool for healing
- a secure attachment
- makes interpretations
- little self-disclosure
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Key concepts
- past influences present
- defense mechanisms
- underlying conflicts play out over and over, patterns repeat
OBJECT RELATIONS
Change occurs through…
…reparative experiences in therapeutic relationship
OBJECT RELATIONS
Role of therapist
- neutral
- emphasis on counter&transference
- new and good “object” for client
OBJECT RELATIONS
Key concepts
- objects: people in external world (attachment figures)
- internalization: basic attitudes toward self and others get internalized from early interactions
- self & object representations: fundamental internal structures, views of self and others that get internalized (ex: I will never be good enough)
- ego: internal structure responsible for defense mechanisms and integration, etc
- splitting: two contradictory states that are compartmentalized (ex: love and hate)
- projective identification* (ex, therapist feeling annoyed really means the client feels this way about the therapist)
SELF PSYCH
Change occurs through…
…empathetic attunement and strengthening self-structures
SELF PSYCH
Role of therapist
- empathetic understanding
- mirror
- less interpretation
- allows emergence of self-object transference and repair
SELF PSYCH
Key concepts
- self-objects: attuned caretakers
- mourning loss of self-objects in life
- optimal frustration: sometimes it’s good for us to not have our needs met
- mirroring transference: seeking confirmation from therapist
- twinship trans.: experiences therapist and someone like self
- idealizing trans.: admires therapist
- adversarial trans.: opposition with therapist is needed to grow
- experience-near empathy: therapist steps into experience, cooperative exploration
DEPTH PSYCH
Change occurs through…
…exploring and integrating both unconscious and conscious
DEPTH PSYCH
Role of therapist
- critical alliance
- explorer, with client
DEPTH PSYCH
Key concepts
- shadow material
- individuation
- collective unconscious
- archetypes
- active imagination: working with dreams, images, symbols and allowing them to speak for selves
- soul*: makes meaning, deepens human experience
- mythology
ADLERIAN
Change occurs through…
…self-awareness and challenging fundamental ideas and goals
ADLERIAN
Role of therapist
- accepting, encouraging, respectful
- optimistic
- co-thinker/collaborator
- built on trust
ADLERIAN
Key concepts
- inferiority* is the motivation behind all behavior
- developing social useful goals*
- early recollection (assessment tool using key memories before age 10)
- family constellation (like family map)
- lifestyle assessment (questionnaire of goals and motivations)
- dream interpretation
- summary (sharing results of assessments as narrative with client)
- role-playing
- guided imagery
