Theories Flashcards
1
Q
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Change happens through…
A
…self-awareness and congruent communication
2
Q
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Role of therapist
A
- active facilitator
- genuine/warm
- honest/direct/trustworthy
3
Q
SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS
Key concepts/interventions
A
- family life chronology*
- incongruence
- styles of communication (placater/blamer/computer/distracter/leveler)
- modeling direct communication
- respect for differences leads to growth
- family sculpting
- taking responsibility
4
Q
STRUCTURAL
4 important characteristics of healthy family
A
Generational hierarchy
Parental coalition/alliance
Spousal subsystem
Clear boundaries
5
Q
STRUCTURAL
Role of therapist
A
- Active and involved
- Member of the family, Uncle
6
Q
STRUCTURAL
Interventions:
Joining
Mimesis
Unbalancing
Enactment
Boundary making
A
Joining: becoming part of family
Mimesis: tracking and using family’s style of communication
Unbalancing: taking the side of whoever is in one-down position
Enactment: in transactional patterns in real time, therapist can take control and change
Boundary making: chair here, chair there
7
Q
STRUCTURAL
Change occurs through…
A
…restructuring family’s organization
8
Q
BOWEN
Change occurs by…
A
…understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation
9
Q
BOWEN
Role of Therapist
A
- coach/educator/investigator
- neutral
10
Q
BOWEN
Key concepts
A
- triangles
- differentiation
- multigenerational transmission
- emotional cutoff
11
Q
BOWEN
Interventions
A
- genogram
- detriangulation
- teaching “I” statements
- opening cut off relationships
12
Q
STRATEGIC
Change occurs through…
A
…action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions
13
Q
STRATEGIC
Role of therapist
A
- directive/problem solver
- addresses each person
14
Q
STRATEGIC
Interventions
A
- prescribing the symptom
- homework
- reverse psychology
15
Q
CBT
Change occurs by…
A
…modifying dysfunctional thought patterns
16
Q
CBT
Role of therapist
A
-collaborative teacher
17
Q
CBT
Concepts
A
- negative cognitive triad (view of self, world, future)
- automatic thoughts
- schemas
18
Q
CBT
Interventions
A
- psychoeducate
- cognitive restructuring
- self-monitoring
- homework
- relaxation training
19
Q
REBT
Change occurs through…
A
…changing irrational beliefs to rational ones
20
Q
REBT
Role of therapist
A
- instructor
- confrontational & direct
21
Q
REBT
Key concepts
A
- ABC (activating event, belief, consequence/response)
- common irrational beliefs among all people
- self/other/life acceptance*
- meditation, journaling
22
Q
DBT
Change occurs through…
A
…mindfulness, emotional regulation, interpersonal problem solving
23
Q
DBT
Role of therapist
A
- ally
- validating
- coach, offering alternatives
24
Q
DBT
Key concepts
A
- mindfulness
- distress tolerance
- interpersonal effectiveness (assertiveness/communication training)
- homework, skill building
25
REALITY
Change occurs through...
...identifying and meeting needs, satisfying relationships
26
REALITY
Role of therapist
- nurturing/supportive/nonjudgmental
| - patient coach
27
REALITY
Key concepts
- choice: sense of control, empowerment, responsibility
- we all have 5 needs: love/belonging, power/achievement, freedom, fun/relaxation, survival
- all behavior is seeking to have needs met
- act irresponsibly when imbalanced/needs unmet
28
REALITY
Interventions
- self-evaluation
- focus on present choices, avoid past problems
- explore wants, needs, perceptions (not feelings)
- action plans
- humor
29
CLIENT-CENTERED
Change occurs through...
...safe relationship with therapist that includes congruence/genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy
30
CLIENT-CENTERED
Role of therapist
- nondirective
- avoids pathologizing
- facilitator for growth and change
31
CLIENT-CENTERED
Key concepts
- congruence
- unconditional positive regard
- empathy
- self-actualization
- locus of control
32
GESTALT
Change occurs through...
...increased awareness of here & now (as it is influenced by the past) through relationship with therapist
33
GESTALT
Role of therapist
- real/authentic person
- present
- nondirective, nonjudgmental
- no interpretation
34
GESTALT
Key concepts
- phenomenological method (explore experience by description)
- dialogical relationship: therapist being present allows for client to become fully present
- experiential/experimental: try something new and see what happens
35
GESTALT
Interventions
- empty chair technique
- experiments in here & now to experience a feeling
- body techniques (ex: "cold metal ball" in stomach)
- focus on process, not as much content
36
EXISTENTIAL
Change occurs through...
...finding philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety, acting authentically and responsibly
37
EXISTENTIAL
Role of therapist
- essential presence
- real and genuine
- hold accountable to personal responsibility
38
EXISTENTIAL
Key concepts
- all people have capacity for self-awareness
- freedom doesn't come without responsibility
- all people have unique identities, which are revealed fully in relationships
- continually recreating the self, nothing is fixed
- death gives significance to life
- anxiety is inherent in living, part of the gig
39
EXISTENTIAL
Interventions
- moment to moment process
- "holding" the problem experience up so it may be seen/re-experienced/remembered
- empathic availability
- revisiting painful experiences with presence of supportive other
- "honoring the pain," respecting it, looking at it as significant/meaningful
40
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Change occurs through...
...experiential encounter, especially with therapist
41
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Role of therapist
- authentic
| - playful, creative
42
EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC
Key concepts
- battle for structure (therapist requires entire family to be in sessions)
- battle for initiative (don't work harder than your client, don't break silence)
- trial of labor (assess and understand inner workings of family dynamic)
- activating constructive anxiety (reframe anxiety as efforts toward competency)
- play, humor, "craziness" (finding solutions creatively)
43
NARRATIVE
Change occurs through...
...separating the person from the problem, creating a new narrative that emphasizes strengths
44
NARRATIVE
Role of therapist
- collaborative
- investigator
- co-author
- views clients as experts on their own lives
45
NARRATIVE
Interventions
- externalizing the problem*
- mapping the influence* (how does x influence you in work, school, home, etc?)
- re-authoring story
- identifying unique outcomes (times when client resisted effects of the problem)
- enlisting a witness
46
SFT
Change occurs by...
...accessing client's strengths and resources
47
SFT
Role of therapist
- consultant
- coach
- no use of "problem" language
48
SFT
Interventions
- exception questions (when were things easier? what was different?)
- miracle question
- scaling questions (positively focused)
- presupposing change (what's better since we last met?)
- coping questions
- affirmations/compliments
49
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Change occurs through...
...insight/understanding of early, unresolved issues and unconscious drives
50
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Role of therapist
- nondirective
- relationship is tool for healing
- a secure attachment
- makes interpretations
- little self-disclosure
51
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Key concepts
- past influences present
- defense mechanisms
- underlying conflicts play out over and over, patterns repeat
52
OBJECT RELATIONS
Change occurs through...
...reparative experiences in therapeutic relationship
53
OBJECT RELATIONS
Role of therapist
- neutral
- emphasis on counter&transference
- new and good "object" for client
54
OBJECT RELATIONS
Key concepts
- objects: people in external world (attachment figures)
- internalization: basic attitudes toward self and others get internalized from early interactions
- self & object representations: fundamental internal structures, views of self and others that get internalized (ex: I will never be good enough)
- ego: internal structure responsible for defense mechanisms and integration, etc
- splitting: two contradictory states that are compartmentalized (ex: love and hate)
- projective identification* (ex, therapist feeling annoyed really means the client feels this way about the therapist)
55
SELF PSYCH
Change occurs through...
...empathetic attunement and strengthening self-structures
56
SELF PSYCH
Role of therapist
- empathetic understanding
- mirror
- less interpretation
- allows emergence of self-object transference and repair
57
SELF PSYCH
Key concepts
- self-objects: attuned caretakers
- mourning loss of self-objects in life
- optimal frustration: sometimes it's good for us to not have our needs met
- mirroring transference: seeking confirmation from therapist
- twinship trans.: experiences therapist and someone like self
- idealizing trans.: admires therapist
- adversarial trans.: opposition with therapist is needed to grow
- experience-near empathy: therapist steps into experience, cooperative exploration
58
DEPTH PSYCH
Change occurs through...
...exploring and integrating both unconscious and conscious
59
DEPTH PSYCH
Role of therapist
- critical alliance
| - explorer, with client
60
DEPTH PSYCH
Key concepts
- shadow material
- individuation
- collective unconscious
- archetypes
- active imagination: working with dreams, images, symbols and allowing them to speak for selves
- soul*: makes meaning, deepens human experience
- mythology
61
ADLERIAN
Change occurs through...
...self-awareness and challenging fundamental ideas and goals
62
ADLERIAN
Role of therapist
- accepting, encouraging, respectful
- optimistic
- co-thinker/collaborator
- built on trust
63
ADLERIAN
Key concepts
- inferiority* is the motivation behind all behavior
- developing social useful goals*
- early recollection (assessment tool using key memories before age 10)
- family constellation (like family map)
- lifestyle assessment (questionnaire of goals and motivations)
- dream interpretation
- summary (sharing results of assessments as narrative with client)
- role-playing
- guided imagery
