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CA MFT Exam > Theories > Flashcards

Theories Flashcards

1
Q

SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS

Change happens through…

A

…self-awareness and congruent communication

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2
Q

SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS

Role of therapist

A
  • active facilitator
  • genuine/warm
  • honest/direct/trustworthy
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3
Q

SATIR/COMMUNICATIONS

Key concepts/interventions

A
  • family life chronology*
  • incongruence
  • styles of communication (placater/blamer/computer/distracter/leveler)
  • modeling direct communication
  • respect for differences leads to growth
  • family sculpting
  • taking responsibility
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4
Q

STRUCTURAL

4 important characteristics of healthy family

A

Generational hierarchy
Parental coalition/alliance
Spousal subsystem
Clear boundaries

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5
Q

STRUCTURAL

Role of therapist

A
  • Active and involved

- Member of the family, Uncle

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6
Q

STRUCTURAL

Interventions:

Joining

Mimesis

Unbalancing

Enactment

Boundary making

A

Joining: becoming part of family

Mimesis: tracking and using family’s style of communication

Unbalancing: taking the side of whoever is in one-down position

Enactment: in transactional patterns in real time, therapist can take control and change

Boundary making: chair here, chair there

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7
Q

STRUCTURAL

Change occurs through…

A

…restructuring family’s organization

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8
Q

BOWEN

Change occurs by…

A

…understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation

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9
Q

BOWEN

Role of Therapist

A
  • coach/educator/investigator

- neutral

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10
Q

BOWEN

Key concepts

A
  • triangles
  • differentiation
  • multigenerational transmission
  • emotional cutoff
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11
Q

BOWEN

Interventions

A
  • genogram
  • detriangulation
  • teaching “I” statements
  • opening cut off relationships
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12
Q

STRATEGIC

Change occurs through…

A

…action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions

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13
Q

STRATEGIC

Role of therapist

A
  • directive/problem solver

- addresses each person

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14
Q

STRATEGIC

Interventions

A
  • prescribing the symptom
  • homework
  • reverse psychology
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15
Q

CBT

Change occurs by…

A

…modifying dysfunctional thought patterns

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16
Q

CBT

Role of therapist

A

-collaborative teacher

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17
Q

CBT

Concepts

A
  • negative cognitive triad (view of self, world, future)
  • automatic thoughts
  • schemas
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18
Q

CBT

Interventions

A
  • psychoeducate
  • cognitive restructuring
  • self-monitoring
  • homework
  • relaxation training
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19
Q

REBT

Change occurs through…

A

…changing irrational beliefs to rational ones

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20
Q

REBT

Role of therapist

A
  • instructor

- confrontational & direct

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21
Q

REBT

Key concepts

A
  • ABC (activating event, belief, consequence/response)
  • common irrational beliefs among all people
  • self/other/life acceptance*
  • meditation, journaling
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22
Q

DBT

Change occurs through…

A

…mindfulness, emotional regulation, interpersonal problem solving

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23
Q

DBT

Role of therapist

A
  • ally
  • validating
  • coach, offering alternatives
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24
Q

DBT

Key concepts

A
  • mindfulness
  • distress tolerance
  • interpersonal effectiveness (assertiveness/communication training)
  • homework, skill building
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25
Q

REALITY

Change occurs through…

A

…identifying and meeting needs, satisfying relationships

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26
Q

REALITY

Role of therapist

A
  • nurturing/supportive/nonjudgmental

- patient coach

27
Q

REALITY

Key concepts

A
  • choice: sense of control, empowerment, responsibility
  • we all have 5 needs: love/belonging, power/achievement, freedom, fun/relaxation, survival
  • all behavior is seeking to have needs met
  • act irresponsibly when imbalanced/needs unmet
28
Q

REALITY

Interventions

A
  • self-evaluation
  • focus on present choices, avoid past problems
  • explore wants, needs, perceptions (not feelings)
  • action plans
  • humor
29
Q

CLIENT-CENTERED

Change occurs through…

A

…safe relationship with therapist that includes congruence/genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy

30
Q

CLIENT-CENTERED

Role of therapist

A
  • nondirective
  • avoids pathologizing
  • facilitator for growth and change
31
Q

CLIENT-CENTERED

Key concepts

A
  • congruence
  • unconditional positive regard
  • empathy
  • self-actualization
  • locus of control
32
Q

GESTALT

Change occurs through…

A

…increased awareness of here & now (as it is influenced by the past) through relationship with therapist

33
Q

GESTALT

Role of therapist

A
  • real/authentic person
  • present
  • nondirective, nonjudgmental
  • no interpretation
34
Q

GESTALT

Key concepts

A
  • phenomenological method (explore experience by description)
  • dialogical relationship: therapist being present allows for client to become fully present
  • experiential/experimental: try something new and see what happens
35
Q

GESTALT

Interventions

A
  • empty chair technique
  • experiments in here & now to experience a feeling
  • body techniques (ex: “cold metal ball” in stomach)
  • focus on process, not as much content
36
Q

EXISTENTIAL

Change occurs through…

A

…finding philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety, acting authentically and responsibly

37
Q

EXISTENTIAL

Role of therapist

A
  • essential presence
  • real and genuine
  • hold accountable to personal responsibility
38
Q

EXISTENTIAL

Key concepts

A
  • all people have capacity for self-awareness
  • freedom doesn’t come without responsibility
  • all people have unique identities, which are revealed fully in relationships
  • continually recreating the self, nothing is fixed
  • death gives significance to life
  • anxiety is inherent in living, part of the gig
39
Q

EXISTENTIAL

Interventions

A
  • moment to moment process
  • “holding” the problem experience up so it may be seen/re-experienced/remembered
  • empathic availability
  • revisiting painful experiences with presence of supportive other
  • “honoring the pain,” respecting it, looking at it as significant/meaningful
40
Q

EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC

Change occurs through…

A

…experiential encounter, especially with therapist

41
Q

EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC

Role of therapist

A
  • authentic

- playful, creative

42
Q

EXPERIENTIAL/SYMBOLIC

Key concepts

A
  • battle for structure (therapist requires entire family to be in sessions)
  • battle for initiative (don’t work harder than your client, don’t break silence)
  • trial of labor (assess and understand inner workings of family dynamic)
  • activating constructive anxiety (reframe anxiety as efforts toward competency)
  • play, humor, “craziness” (finding solutions creatively)
43
Q

NARRATIVE

Change occurs through…

A

…separating the person from the problem, creating a new narrative that emphasizes strengths

44
Q

NARRATIVE

Role of therapist

A
  • collaborative
  • investigator
  • co-author
  • views clients as experts on their own lives
45
Q

NARRATIVE

Interventions

A
  • externalizing the problem*
  • mapping the influence* (how does x influence you in work, school, home, etc?)
  • re-authoring story
  • identifying unique outcomes (times when client resisted effects of the problem)
  • enlisting a witness
46
Q

SFT

Change occurs by…

A

…accessing client’s strengths and resources

47
Q

SFT

Role of therapist

A
  • consultant
  • coach
  • no use of “problem” language
48
Q

SFT

Interventions

A
  • exception questions (when were things easier? what was different?)
  • miracle question
  • scaling questions (positively focused)
  • presupposing change (what’s better since we last met?)
  • coping questions
  • affirmations/compliments
49
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC

Change occurs through…

A

…insight/understanding of early, unresolved issues and unconscious drives

50
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC

Role of therapist

A
  • nondirective
  • relationship is tool for healing
  • a secure attachment
  • makes interpretations
  • little self-disclosure
51
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC

Key concepts

A
  • past influences present
  • defense mechanisms
  • underlying conflicts play out over and over, patterns repeat
52
Q

OBJECT RELATIONS

Change occurs through…

A

…reparative experiences in therapeutic relationship

53
Q

OBJECT RELATIONS

Role of therapist

A
  • neutral
  • emphasis on counter&transference
  • new and good “object” for client
54
Q

OBJECT RELATIONS

Key concepts

A
  • objects: people in external world (attachment figures)
  • internalization: basic attitudes toward self and others get internalized from early interactions
  • self & object representations: fundamental internal structures, views of self and others that get internalized (ex: I will never be good enough)
  • ego: internal structure responsible for defense mechanisms and integration, etc
  • splitting: two contradictory states that are compartmentalized (ex: love and hate)
  • projective identification* (ex, therapist feeling annoyed really means the client feels this way about the therapist)
55
Q

SELF PSYCH

Change occurs through…

A

…empathetic attunement and strengthening self-structures

56
Q

SELF PSYCH

Role of therapist

A
  • empathetic understanding
  • mirror
  • less interpretation
  • allows emergence of self-object transference and repair
57
Q

SELF PSYCH

Key concepts

A
  • self-objects: attuned caretakers
  • mourning loss of self-objects in life
  • optimal frustration: sometimes it’s good for us to not have our needs met
  • mirroring transference: seeking confirmation from therapist
  • twinship trans.: experiences therapist and someone like self
  • idealizing trans.: admires therapist
  • adversarial trans.: opposition with therapist is needed to grow
  • experience-near empathy: therapist steps into experience, cooperative exploration
58
Q

DEPTH PSYCH

Change occurs through…

A

…exploring and integrating both unconscious and conscious

59
Q

DEPTH PSYCH

Role of therapist

A
  • critical alliance

- explorer, with client

60
Q

DEPTH PSYCH

Key concepts

A
  • shadow material
  • individuation
  • collective unconscious
  • archetypes
  • active imagination: working with dreams, images, symbols and allowing them to speak for selves
  • soul*: makes meaning, deepens human experience
  • mythology
61
Q

ADLERIAN

Change occurs through…

A

…self-awareness and challenging fundamental ideas and goals

62
Q

ADLERIAN

Role of therapist

A
  • accepting, encouraging, respectful
  • optimistic
  • co-thinker/collaborator
  • built on trust
63
Q

ADLERIAN

Key concepts

A
  • inferiority* is the motivation behind all behavior
  • developing social useful goals*
  • early recollection (assessment tool using key memories before age 10)
  • family constellation (like family map)
  • lifestyle assessment (questionnaire of goals and motivations)
  • dream interpretation
  • summary (sharing results of assessments as narrative with client)
  • role-playing
  • guided imagery

CA MFT Exam (2 decks)

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