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Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

No net force = no acceleration

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2
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every reaction, there’s an equal and opposite reaction

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3
Q

Static Force vs. Kinetic Force

A

Greater than kinetic force because there are more forces acting to keep an object stationary than to move it once its in motion

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4
Q

Uniform Circular Motion

A

Object moving in a circular path with constant speed

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5
Q

Static Equilibirum

A

Fnet, τnet, and v=0

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6
Q

Translational Equilibirum

A

Fnet = 0

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7
Q

Rotational Equilibirum

A

τnet = 0

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8
Q

Power

A

The faster work gets done, the greater the power

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9
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Is scalar

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10
Q

Changes to Potential Energy

A

+mgh if height is increased

-mgh if height is decreased

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11
Q

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

A

KEi + PEi = KEf +PEf

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12
Q

Conservation of Momentum

A

Δp(system)=0 (pi=pf)

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13
Q

Elastic Collision

A

p(total) and KE(total) are conserved

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14
Q

Inelastic Collision

A

p(total) is conserved

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15
Q

Perfectly Inelastic Collision

A

objects stick together

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16
Q

Energy travels

A

Positive energy travels into a system, negative energy travels out of a system

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17
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

ΔE=Q-W (+Q as heat moves into system, +W as work is done by system)

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18
Q

Energy vs. Temperature

A

Internal energy is proportional to the object’s absolute temperature

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19
Q

Isobaric Process

A

Constant pressure (W=PΔV)

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20
Q

Isochoric Process

A

Constant volume (W=0)

21
Q

Isothermic Process

A

Constant temperature (decrease P, no change in ΔE)

22
Q

Adiabatic Process

A

No heat transfer but energy transfer as work (ΔQ=0)

23
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

All processes seek to increase disorder/entropy (S)

24
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

Magnitude of bouyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

25
Q

Floating Object

A

density (object) < density (fluid) –> weight (object) = F (bouy)

26
Q

Bernoulli Principle

A

y1=y2, fast flowing fluids have low pressure ad slow flowing fluids have high pressure

27
Q

Bernoulli’s Equation

A

Total energy (density) within all parts of an ideal fluid is the same

28
Q

Direction of electric field

A

+ charges move in the direction of the electric field (E) (- moves in opposite direction of E)

29
Q

Electric potential

A

+ charges want to move to regions of lower potential

- charges want to move to regions of higher potential

30
Q

Conductors

A

Charges rests on the outer surface and the electric field inside is zero

31
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

Net electric force on a charge (q) due to a collection of other charges (Q) is equal to the sum of the individual forces that each Q exerts on q

32
Q

Current flows

A

In the direction of positive charge

33
Q

Electrons flow

A

the opposite direction of the current/positive charge

34
Q

Resistors in series

A

Current is the same for resistors in series

35
Q

Resistors in parallel

A

Voltage is the same for resistors in parallel

36
Q

Kirchhoff’s Rules

A
  1. Sum of voltage-drops across resistors is equal to the voltage of the battery
  2. Amount of current entering a parallel combination of resistors is equal to the sum of the currents that pass through individual resistors
37
Q

Ground

A

The ground is at potential zero (potential =0)

38
Q

Total power

A

Total power supplied by a battery equals the total power dissipated by the resistors

39
Q

Capacitance does not depend on

A

voltage or charge

40
Q

Diaelectric

A

Always increases the capacitance - if battery remains attached, V is constant; if batter is taken away, Q is constant

41
Q

Work done by the battery to charge the capacitor =

A

PE = 1/2QV = 1/2 CV2 = Q2/2C

42
Q

Direction of magnetic force

A

right hand rule for positive q (Reverse for negative q)

43
Q

Magnetic force

A

F is always perpendicular for both v and B

F never changes the speed of a particle and does NO work on the particle

44
Q

Magnetic field

A

Lines point north to south
B created by long, straight current-carrying wire (B=I/r)
B created by a solenoid (B=I(N/L)

45
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

Dynamic condition: restoring force is directly proportional to displacement from equilibrium (x=0) and points towards that equilibrium point
Kinematics condition: frequency and period are independent of the amplitude of oscillations

46
Q

Wave Equation

A
  1. Wave speed (v) depends on wave type and medium - not on frequency
  2. A single wave passing between media maintains a constant frequency
47
Q

Doppler Effect

A

Approaching, higher frequency

Receding, lower frequency

48
Q

Total Internal Reflection

A

If Θ1>Θcrit, where sinΘcrit = n2/n1

physics (3 decks)

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