Theories

Question 1

Newton’s First Law

Answer 1

No net force = no acceleration

Question 2

Newton’s Third Law

Answer 2

For every reaction, there’s an equal and opposite reaction

Question 3

Static Force vs. Kinetic Force

Answer 3

Greater than kinetic force because there are more forces acting to keep an object stationary than to move it once its in motion

Question 4

Uniform Circular Motion

Answer 4

Object moving in a circular path with constant speed

Question 5

Static Equilibirum

Answer 5

Fnet, τnet, and v=0

Question 6

Translational Equilibirum

Answer 6

Fnet = 0

Question 7

Rotational Equilibirum

Answer 7

τnet = 0

Question 8

Power

Answer 8

The faster work gets done, the greater the power

Question 9

Kinetic Energy

Answer 9

Is scalar

Question 10

Changes to Potential Energy

Answer 10

+mgh if height is increased

-mgh if height is decreased

Question 11

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Answer 11

KEi + PEi = KEf +PEf

Question 12

Conservation of Momentum

Answer 12

Δp(system)=0 (pi=pf)

Question 13

Elastic Collision

Answer 13

p(total) and KE(total) are conserved

Question 14

Inelastic Collision

Answer 14

p(total) is conserved

Question 15

Perfectly Inelastic Collision

Answer 15

objects stick together

Question 16

Energy travels

Answer 16

Positive energy travels into a system, negative energy travels out of a system

Question 17

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 17

ΔE=Q-W (+Q as heat moves into system, +W as work is done by system)

Question 18

Energy vs. Temperature

Answer 18

Internal energy is proportional to the object’s absolute temperature

Question 19

Isobaric Process

Answer 19

Constant pressure (W=PΔV)

Question 20

Isochoric Process

Answer 20

Constant volume (W=0)

Question 21

Isothermic Process

Answer 21

Constant temperature (decrease P, no change in ΔE)

Question 22

Adiabatic Process

Answer 22

No heat transfer but energy transfer as work (ΔQ=0)

Question 23

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 23

All processes seek to increase disorder/entropy (S)

Question 24

Archimedes Principle

Answer 24

Magnitude of bouyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Question 25

Floating Object

Answer 25

density (object) < density (fluid) --> weight (object) = F (bouy)

Question 26

Bernoulli Principle

Answer 26

y1=y2, fast flowing fluids have low pressure ad slow flowing fluids have high pressure

Question 27

Bernoulli's Equation

Answer 27

Total energy (density) within all parts of an ideal fluid is the same

Question 28

Direction of electric field

Answer 28

+ charges move in the direction of the electric field (E) (- moves in opposite direction of E)

Question 29

Electric potential

Answer 29

+ charges want to move to regions of lower potential | - charges want to move to regions of higher potential

Question 30

Conductors

Answer 30

Charges rests on the outer surface and the electric field inside is zero

Question 31

Principle of Superposition

Answer 31

Net electric force on a charge (q) due to a collection of other charges (Q) is equal to the sum of the individual forces that each Q exerts on q

Question 32

Current flows

Answer 32

In the direction of positive charge

Question 33

Electrons flow

Answer 33

the opposite direction of the current/positive charge

Question 34

Resistors in series

Answer 34

Current is the same for resistors in series

Question 35

Resistors in parallel

Answer 35

Voltage is the same for resistors in parallel

Question 36

Kirchhoff's Rules

Answer 36

1. Sum of voltage-drops across resistors is equal to the voltage of the battery 2. Amount of current entering a parallel combination of resistors is equal to the sum of the currents that pass through individual resistors

Question 37

Ground

Answer 37

The ground is at potential zero (potential =0)

Question 38

Total power

Answer 38

Total power supplied by a battery equals the total power dissipated by the resistors

Question 39

Capacitance does not depend on

Answer 39

voltage or charge

Question 40

Diaelectric

Answer 40

Always increases the capacitance - if battery remains attached, V is constant; if batter is taken away, Q is constant

Question 41

Work done by the battery to charge the capacitor =

Answer 41

PE = 1/2QV = 1/2 CV2 = Q2/2C

Question 42

Direction of magnetic force

Answer 42

right hand rule for positive q (Reverse for negative q)

Question 43

Magnetic force

Answer 43

F is always perpendicular for both v and B | F never changes the speed of a particle and does NO work on the particle

Question 44

Magnetic field

Answer 44

Lines point north to south B created by long, straight current-carrying wire (B=I/r) B created by a solenoid (B=I(N/L)

Question 45

Simple harmonic motion

Answer 45

Dynamic condition: restoring force is directly proportional to displacement from equilibrium (x=0) and points towards that equilibrium point Kinematics condition: frequency and period are independent of the amplitude of oscillations

Question 46

Wave Equation

Answer 46

1. Wave speed (v) depends on wave type and medium - not on frequency 2. A single wave passing between media maintains a constant frequency

Question 47

Doppler Effect

Answer 47

Approaching, higher frequency | Receding, lower frequency

Question 48

Total Internal Reflection

Answer 48

If Θ1>Θcrit, where sinΘcrit = n2/n1