Theories

Question 1

primary circular reactions

Answer 1

1 to 4 months old. Babies start coordinating their physical sensations with new schemas. ex. sucking on thumb to find it pleasurable, then continue doing so

Question 2

secondary circular reactions

Answer 2

4 to 8 months. Babes continue to repeat rewarding actions, but in this case they focus on things in the environment they can affect (e.g. picking up a block and suck it)

Question 3

coordination of reactions

Answer 3

8 to 12 months. Imitate others’ behaviors and demonstrate intentional behaviors. Able to combine schemas (mental constructs) to attain certain results. E.g. They learn to associate certain objects with their properties (a box will make a sound when its shaken). The child will shake it to hear the sound.
Develop object permanence

Question 4

tertiary circular reactions

Answer 4

12-18 months. children begin experimenting through trial and error and learn that different actions will result in different outcomes. e.g. which behaviors will get them the most attention

Question 5

early representational thought

Answer 5

18 months to 2 years. Representing objects and events with symbols. stops acting, think, then act.

Question 6

sensorimotor

Answer 6

birth to 2 years.
object permanence
schemas - accommodation and assimilation
conservation (inability to conserve)

Question 7

Preoperational

Answer 7

2 to 6 years.
symbolism - pretend play.
Egocentric
Animism and magical thinking (attributing causal relationships to their own feelings. e.g. saying I hate you will make the other person get a flu)

Question 8

Concrete operational

Answer 8

7 to 12 years.

development of logical thought but still struggle with abstract ideas

Question 9

Formal operations

Answer 9

12 + years.

Development of abstract thought and hypothetico deductive reasoning.

Question 10

Hypothetico deductive reasoning

Answer 10

ability to think scientifically through generating theories and hypotheses. Approach solving problems in a systematic way as opposed to trial and error. Developed in formal operations.

Question 11

Stages of art development

Answer 11

scribble 2-4 
preschematic 4-6
schematic 7-9
drawing realism 9-11
psedorealistic 11-13
period of decision 13+

Question 12

Phonological awareness

Answer 12

Awareness of the sounds that make up a certain language. E.g. Knowing which words rhyme with which, and being able to break down spoken sentences into individual words.

Question 13

Stages of English as a second language

Answer 13

Preproduction 
Early production
Speech emergence 
Intermediate fluency
Advanced fluency

Question 14

Broca’s aphasia

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 14

Broca’s: difficulty with expressive language, and finding and retrieving words and constructing sentences.
Wernickes: difficulty with receptive language. Difficulty understanding others.

Question 15

5 basic reading components of phonological and phonemic awareness

Answer 15

1. Word decoding
2. Phonics
3. Fluency
4. Vocabulary
5. Comprehension