Theories

Question 0

Ethnological theories by Konrad Lorenz ( the geese guy)

Answer 0

Concerned with evolutionary history and adaptive value of certain behaviors.

Critical period; Limited time to acquire certain necessary behaviors.

Sensitive period; Optimal time for certain capacity to develop, both highly dependent upon the environment

Question 1

Biological theory

Maturational theories by Arnold gessell

Answer 1

Development represents the emergence of a need behaviors. Genetically predetermined. Occurs in an automatic ordered fashion

Question 2

Evolutionary development psychology

Answer 2

Characteristics develop via Jean environment interactions

Development is constrained by genetic environmental and cultural factors

Lengthy childhood is needed to learn the complexities of human social communities and economies

Question 3

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 3

Development is determined primarily by have a child to resolve conflicts at different ages

Question 4

Psychosexual theory, Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

ID; basic biological needs and desires

Super ego conscious internalization of external rules

Ego; conscious rational redirects ID and acceptable ways

development guy did buying a drivers for sensual pleasure

Question 5

Psychosexual stage

Answer 5

Oral; birth to one year; pleasure from sucking swallowing biting

Anal; 1 to 3 years; pleasure from bowel movements holding it in your paragraph

Phallic ; 3 to 6 years pleasure from genital stimulation, castration anxiety, penis envy

Latency 6 to 11 years sexual energy subdued

Genital adolescents sexual interest reemerge

Question 6

Psychosocial theory, Eric Erickson

Focuses on social relationships, development guided by resolution of psycho social conflict in paragraph eight stages

Answer 6

Basic trust versus mistrust

Autonomy be shame and doubt

Question 7

Learning perspective

Development is determined primarily by a child’s learning experiences

Answer 7

Behaviorism

Focuses on observable events

Children learn by responding to environmental cues

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 8

Classical conditioning, John Watson

Answer 8

Unconditioned stimulus leads to response

Condition stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

Operant conditioning , Skinner

Answer 9

Discriminative stimulus evokes response which is reinforced

Reinforcer; event that increases or decreases a behavior

Question 10

Social learning theory, Albert Bandura

Answer 10

Children learn through observing and imitating

Emphasizes modeling as mechanism for development

Unlike behaviorism ,stresses cognition

Question 11

Contextual perspective

Development is influenced by media and more distant social and cultural environments which typically influence each other

Answer 11

Ecological systems theory (urie bron…)

Question 12

Systems theory

Answer 12

Development can be explained by a single concept but rather by a complex system

Systems are distinct but related to each other

Question 13

Ecological systems theory

Answer 13

Buried systems of the environment and the interrelationships among the system to shape a child’s development

both the environment and biologyinfluence a child’s development

Environment affects the child and the child influences the environment

Question 14

Macro system

Answer 14

Attitudes beliefs and heritage of the culture

Question 15

EXO system

Answer 15

Extended family

Family friends

Mass media

Parents workplace

Community service

Neighbors

Question 16

Meso system

Answer 16

Crossover between the microsystem and XO system

Question 17

Microsystem

Answer 17

Family, school, peers, day care center, church

Question 18

Mesosystem

Answer 18

Relationship on known the entities involved in the child’s microsystem

Example, parents hate school and so third children hate school your

Example, productive parent teacher conference results and parents and teachers each interacting with the child slightly different

Question 19

Mesosystem

Answer 19

Often interact with the child’s development indirectly

Question 20

Chronosystem

Answer 20

The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the course of the individuals life

Example refers to the development of the larger society culture, or for 21 years few children get educations

Question 21

Ontogenetic

Answer 21

Something that increases adaptation at that time

Question 22

Differed effect

Answer 22

A learned trait that has benefits down the road

Example-girlfriend when you’re young teaches you how to have a girlfriend when you’re older

Question 23

Junk dna

Answer 23

Repeated segments

Question 24

Genome

Answer 24

All genetic material complete instructions for making an organism

Question 25

How many chromosomes do people have

Answer 25

46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs

Question 26

Genotype

Answer 26

Particular set of inherited genes

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

The expression of the genotype

Question 28

Mitosis

Answer 28

Makes a copy of itself

Question 29

Meiosis

Answer 29

Unique to sex cells, crossover and independent assortment allows for variability

Question 30

Allele

Answer 30

Form of Jean

Occurs at same place on chromosome

Homozygous allels from both parents are alike

Question 31

X linked inheritance

Answer 31

When a harmful allele is carried on next chromosomes

Question 32

Chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 32

Failure of a chromosome to separate properly or one part of a chromosome breaks off

Question 33

Concordance rates

Answer 33

Percent of twinss that both show a trait when the trait appears on one twin

Question 34

Canalization principal

Answer 34

The suppression of phenotypic variation

Jeans limit development a small numbers of outcomes, environment has little effect on the

Question 35

Canalization example

Answer 35

Babbling, tendency to order consonant vowel combinations

Consistent manifestation across cultures, occurs even in babies were born deaf and I’ve never heard a voice