Theories

Question 1

Labov’s social stratification of English in NYC

Answer 1

NYC department stores.
Those aspiring to use prestige accent used post vocalic r

Question 2

Peter Trudgill’s Norwich study

Answer 2

Dropped ‘g’ at end of words more prominent in w/c speech than m/c

Question 3

Milroys social network theory

Answer 3

Belfast 1987.
Density of connections in group.
High network density scores ( through living close and socialising) also had a strong accent
Low density scores (more isolated) had less strong accents

Question 4

Penelope Eckhert (2000)

Answer 4

American highschool.
Jocks speak more prestige similar to parents.
Burnouts = demotic language, taboo, specialist slang, non standard grammar, similar to peers not parents

Question 5

Jenny Cheshire (1982)

Answer 5

Teens in Reading.
Focused on gender
‘Toughest’ girls and boys confirmed to the group of non standards grammatical forms (eg ain’t)

Question 6

Bernsteins codes

Answer 6

W/c = restricted code viewed as deficient or lacking
M/c = elaborated code which is free if context

Question 7

Polari

Answer 7

1960’s used by gay men in Britain to communicate their lives without consequences. Disappeared as homosexuality is accepted. Viewed as anti language as others did not understand (eg batts= shoes and scarper= run off)