theories

Question 1

Kaplan and Nortons

Answer 1

finance - ratios
customer - perception, satisfaction
internal processes - efficiency
organisational capacity/ growth - innovation

s - assesses financial and non financial
flexible, choose kpi’s

w - needs updating regularly
hard to create balance

Question 2

elkingtons triple bottom line

Answer 2

profit
planet
people

s - measures financial and non financial
encourages business to look at their ethical impact

w - hard to measure planet and people
not useful for overall measure

Question 3

Carolls CSR pyramid

Answer 3

philanthropic - above and beyond
ethical - morales
legal - bare minimum
economic - profit

Question 4

Porters 5 forces

Answer 4

threat of new entrant
intensity of rivalry
threat from substitutes
power of customers
power of suppliers

Question 5

Ansoff’s matrix

Answer 5

market penetration - s p+m
product development - n p, s m
market development - n m, s p
diversification - n p+m

Question 6

Porters strategies

Answer 6

low cost - lowest price in market e.g. ryanair, aldi

differentiation - something distinctly different in market, USP e.g. Apple, Starbucks

Question 7

Bowmans strategic clock

Answer 7

low price and added value
low price
hybrid
differentiation
focus differentiation
risky high margins
monopoly
loss of market share

Question 8

Greiner’s model of growth

Answer 8

creativity
leadership
direction
autonomy
delegation
control
co-ordination
red tape - bureaucracy
collaboration
growth
alliances

Question 9

Taylor - motivation

Answer 9

Main motivator is money
Autocratic
Low skilled jobs

Question 10

Herzberg- motivation

Answer 10

2 factor theory

Hygiene - good pay , working environment

Motivators - meaningful and fulfilment

Hygiene factors don’t motivate on own but are required in order to have motivators

Question 11

Maslow - motivation

Answer 11

Hierarchy of needs

Self actualisation
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

Question 12

Hackman and Oldhams

Answer 12

The task itself is key to motivating

Task identity
Task variety
Task significance
Autonomy
Feedback

Question 13

Boston matrix

Answer 13

? Star

Dog. Cash cow

Share along bottom
Growth up side

Question 14

Marketing mix

Answer 14

Price
Product
Place
People
Process
ProMotion
Physical environment

Question 15

Stakeholder mapping

Answer 15

Keep satisfied. Manage closely

Monitor. Keep informed

Power up the side
Interest along bottom

Question 16

Blake mouton grid

Answer 16

Country club. Team

Middle of road

Impoverished. Task

Production along bottom
People up the side

Question 17

Tannenbaum Schmidt

Answer 17

Tell
Sell
Consult
Join

Question 18

Product life cycle

Answer 18

Development
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
Extension

Question 19

Bartlett and Ghoshals

Answer 19

Global - high gi, low Lr
Transnational - high gi, high gi
International - low gi, low lr
Multi-domestic - low gi, high lr

Question 20

Lewins forcefield analysis

Answer 20

Drivers

Resisters

Question 21

Hofstedes

Answer 21

Individualism vs collectivism
Masculinity vs femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Long term orientation
Indulgence vs restraint
Power distance

Question 22

Handys

Answer 22

Power - one leader, quick decisions

Role - clear roles

Task - creative, share one specific task

People - autonomy, high skilled

Question 23

Kotter and Schlesinger
- reasons for resistance to change

Answer 23

Self interest
Misunderstanding
Different assessments
Low tolerance

Question 24

Kaplan and nortons
- 6 ways of overcoming resistance

Answer 24

Educate
Participate
Facilitate
Negotiate
Manipulate
Coerce