Theories Flashcards
Adlerian
Challenges client to reach their full potential
Skinner
Behavioral, operant conditioning, extinction, schedules of reinforcement, and shaping
CBT
Cognitive dysfunction; treats: depression, anxiety, adjustment, eating, and personality disorders. Analysis of dysfunctional thinking patterns, cognitive restructuring, self monitoring, decentering, systematic desensitization. Homework to reinforce learning in therapy, bibliotherapy, psychoeducation, cognitive reframing, thought stopping, mood graphs, affirmations
DBT
Treats substance use disorders, depression, eating disorders, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorder. Dialectic means two different concepts can be true at the same time (acceptance and change). Skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness. Focus on self-harm, self-destructive behaviors, and coping skills.
Existential
Goal: changing meaning and the freedom of choice. Helps with depression, anxiety coping with illness or situational concerns, and those searching for purpose or meaning in their lives. Therapist believes: you are what you think you are. Methods: confidence, options, choices, paradoxical interventions, spiritual exploration
Bowen Family Systems
People are part of a larger system; understanding rather than action. Goal: to help people in a family learn more about themselves and relationships in order to assume responsibility for self
Gestalt
Stresses the here and now and the integration of fragmented parts of personality, unity of mind, body, and feelings. People are responsible for their own behavior and experiences. Gaining awareness is essential. Goal: to move client from environmental support to self support through: confrontation, deflection, dichotomy, experimental, introjection, projection, retroflection, and unfinished business.
Person Centered (Rogers)
Humanistic; stresses that the client is most importance. Emphasizes the client’s resources and their ability to become aware of growth. Positive view of humanity to becoming fully functioning. Client is empowered to participate and actualizes their potential. Key concept: one can direct one’s own life. Staying in the present moment, acceptance, deciding on changes. Goal: safety and trust in therapy through listening, reflection, and clarification from therapist
Psychoanalytic (Freud)
Pessimistic and deterministic view of humans. ID, EGO, SuperEGO. Unconscious is important. Anxiety is how we react to the world. Uses the past to look for clues of what’s going on in our present lives. Goal: to make the unconscious conscious through analysis, resistance, transference, countertransference. Helps repressed material surface. Uses dream analysis, awareness and insight. Bringing someone to catharsis
