Theorie HTML Flashcards
Was bedeutet “www” ausgeschrieben
World Wide Web
At the center of “the web today”
HTML Living Standard
The Web: Architecture
- Client?
- Server?
- Interaction?
Client server architecture
- client: browser
- server: web server
- interaction: request and response
World Wide Web Consortium
- short?
- Founded in?
- founder and director?
World Wide Web Consortium
- short: W3C
- Standardize technologies for the World Wide Web
- Founded: 1994 at the MIT
- Founder and director: Tim Bernerse-Lee
Basic Languages of the Web
- HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
- CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
Browsers are used as…
.. Web clients
HTML is used to …
… specify contents and structure of documents
CSS is used to …
… style the document
What is a markup language
A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
LaTeX (Converted to PDF)
LaTex is a document preparation system of the TEX typesetting program.
Basic Elements of the Web
- Resources: What are the possible types of resources?
- Address: What is the address of a resource?
- Protocol: How do client and server negotiate the transfer of resources?
GIF
Graphics Interchange Format
JPEG
Joint Photographic Expert Group
PNG
Portable Network Graphic
SVG
for vector graphics (generated, databased, interactive)
SVG and MathML can be embedded directly in…
HTML code
MathML support in browsers out of the box is inferior to
..SVG
MathML support can be added …
with a JS library: MathJax. The technique is called “Polyfill”
give an example for a simple encoding
ASCII
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
How many bits does ASCII use
7 bits (2^7=128)
How many bits does ISO encodings use
8 bits (2^8=256)
UTF-8
- ausgeschrieben?
- variable length encoding?
- backward compatible to?
- Unicode Transformation Format
- backward compatible to ASCII
how can you insert UTF-8 to your HTML files
URL ausgeschrieben
Uniform Resource Locator
Host
Port
host: domain name or IP address
port: service on host to connect with
- default for HTTP: 80
- default for HTTPS: 443
Wieviele Bits haben:
- IPv4?
- IPv6?
- IPv4: 32 Bit (2^32 addresses)
- IPv6: 128 Bit (2^128 addresses)
was macht “the directory structure”
the directory structure directly corresponds to the ‘path’-part of the URL.
Important: clear directory structure
check-tools?
lint tools, validators, test tools
transform tools?
Sass, LESS to CSS, CoffeeScript to JavaScript
Optimize tools?
Images, CSS, JavaScript (compress, join)
photo editors and drawing applications
pixel and vector graphics
A client requests resources form a
web server
there a two different web servers
static and dynamic web servers
Resources
HTML documents, CSS and JS-files, images, …
SVG and MathML can be embeded in..
HTML
which one is the preferred character encoding
UTF-8
for what are URLs used
to address resources in the Web
how can Hosts be identified
with IP addresses or domain names
HTTP is the … at the application level
web protocol
