Theoretical Models of Disability

Question 1

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 1

• This model is the basis for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a publication by the World Health Organization in 2002.
• includes the biological, individual, and social aspects of disability

Question 2

Medical model

Answer 2

• Impairment = a loss or abnormality of physical bodily structure or function, of logic-psychic origin, or physiological or anatomical origin
• Disability = any limitation or function loss deriving from impairment that prevents the performance of an activity in the time-lapse considered normal for a human being
• Handicap = the disadvantaged condition deriving from impairment or disability limiting a person performing a role considered normal in respect of their age, sex and social and cultural factors

https://martyncooper.wordpress.com/2012/10/10/models-of-disability-and-accessibility/

Question 3

Social model

Answer 3

• arguing that it was not mainly caused by impairments but by the way society was organised and responded to disabled people.
• Disability is the product of the physical, organisational and attitudinal barriers present within society
• Stemmed from the publication of Fundamental Principles of Disability in 1976
• The social model takes account of disabled people as part of the economic, environmental and cultural society.

Question 4

Economic Model

Answer 4

• the economic impact of the disability on individuals, employers, the state, and welfare programs
• recognizes that disabilities impact people’s ability to work, which has various implications. For example, a person with a disability may earn less money and have a higher cost for necessary assistance (such as a care provider). An employer might have lower profit margins, and the state might have increased cost in terms of welfare programs.

Question 5

Functional Solutions Model

Answer 5

• ## takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability

Question 6

Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model

Question 7

Charity Model