THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND TERMINOLOGY

Question 1

_______ are important to get connected to resources (Autism)
Not helpful for social anxiety – can make them be different
Need to shape things using a strengths-based approach

Answer 1

Labels

Question 2

_________ can be helpful if we understand the child’s experience & family experiences & that the child has experienced trauma. The label of “trauma” is not the identity of the child.

Answer 2

Diagnosis

Question 3

Youth diagnosis can also be ________ – death of a family member
Early intervention is very important, we want to prevent things from being long standing issues

Answer 3

situational

Question 4

_________ – will see impacting families in the future, increased screen time & impacts on development and functioning socially– resulted in higher levels of depression for youth

Answer 4

COVID-19

Question 5

___________ – supporting parents in setting healthy boundaries, big tool for teens with anxiety

Answer 5

Social media & screen time

Question 6

___________ – TRC repair relationships with Indigenous people we work with, move away from institutional approaches; been a more holistic approach when working with people in the mental health systems (networking)

Answer 6

Decolonizing

Question 7

The Euro-western approach to mental health assessment involves using tools to gauge symptom severity and match them against diagnostic criteria.
Mental illness development and risk factors remain unclear, challenging the effectiveness of assessment tools.
Assessing individuals against norms, often culturally biased, raises controversy.
Front-line practitioners are urged to use assessment results as just one aspect of understanding a child or youth’s experience.
Building a relationship remains a critical intervention tool for front-line practitioners.

Answer 7

Assessment

Question 8

________ Theories to consider:
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory

Answer 8

Developmental

Question 9

Developmental Theories are helpful during ________
What type of questions would you ask to assess if they’ve reached certain developmental milestones?

Answer 9

assessment

Question 10

_________ support the development of appropriate interventions and interactions.
Developmental milestones (cognitive, emotional, social and physical- compared to typically developing peers).
Must take into consideration social context, culture, and historical context.

Answer 10

Theories

Question 11

___________ -
Sensorimotor (0-2 years) - learn about environment through senses and motor activity
Preoperational (2-7 years) - start to use mental abstractions by end of stage
Concrete operational (7-11 years) - more capable of solving problems as they understand outcomes/perspectives
Formal operational (11 – adulthood) - characterized by abstract thought

Answer 11

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

Question 12

___________ -Each of eight stages is associated with a specific task that can be successfully or unsuccessfully resolved.
Stage 1 – trust vs mistrust (birth to 12-18 months)
Stage 2 – autonomy vs shame/doubt (18 months to 3 years)
Stage 3 – initiative vs guilt (3-5 years)
Stage 4 – industry vs inferiority (5-12 years) - comparisons
Stage 5 – identity vs confusion (12-18 years) - who am I? Where do I fit in? Developing a sense of self. An identity is formed. This task of reconciling how young people see themselves and how society perceives them can become overwhelming and lead to role confusion and alienation (pg. 153)

Answer 12

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

Question 13

________ theory is more relevant** keep an eye on this one as we move through the course

Answer 13

Erikson’s

Question 14

Birth and early infant development is relevant
Birth trauma is always important to determine
Always be informed about what are the Common causes of death for children and adolescents
What are the at-risk populations

Answer 14

Conception through adolescence

Question 15

The most common causes of death in _____ in Canada are:
Birth complications, congenital malformations
Accidents/Injury
Homicide

Answer 15

children

Question 16

The most common causes of death in Canada _____ are:
Suicide
Accidents
Homicide (increased risk-taking behaviors)

Answer 16

adolescents

Question 17

In Canada suicide is the____ highest cause of death in those 15-24

Answer 17

2nd

Question 18

Brain develops in ______ - not all structures mature at the same rate. Social/emotional brain developed by mid-adolescence but frontal lobe associated with executive functioning (planning, organizing, problem solving, etc.), develops much slower (mid to late 20’s)

Answer 18

stages

Question 19

Conception to birth
Birth to 12-18 months
Early childhood (1-6 years)
Middle childhood (6-11/12 years)
Later childhood (11 to 19 years)

Answer 19

Developmental Age Periods

Question 20

is a physical and emotional response style that affects a child’s interactions with others

Answer 20

Theory of Temperament Development

Question 21

“Refers to the innate neurophysiologically-based characteristics of infants, including mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity, noticeable after birth.” (Chess & Thomas, 1996)

Answer 21

Theory of Temperament Development

Question 22

A child’s _______ influences how others respond to and meet the needs of the child
The easy child
The difficult child
The slow-to warm child

Answer 22

temperament

Question 22

positive mood, regular patterns, positive approaches, low emotional intensity, easy to sooth, remains calm

Answer 22

Easy temperament

Question 23

Irregular patterns, negative responses to new stimuli, slow adaptation, negative mood, and high emotional intensity

Answer 23

Difficult temperament

Question 24

Often negative mood, mildly emotional response to new situation, but adaptation evolves, low activity level

Answer 24

Slow-to-warm temperament

Question 25

Activity
Rhythmicity
Adaptability
Approach
Intensity
Threshold
Quality of mood
Distractibility
Persistence and attention span

Answer 25

Nine characteristics of temperament

Question 26

energy level and amount of movement

Answer 26

Activity

Question 27

natural patterns/schedules for biological functions (ie/ sleep, eating, elimination)

Answer 27

Rhythmicity

Question 28

ability to adjust to change

Answer 28

Adaptability

Question 29

withdrawal – response to new situation or people

Answer 29

Approach

Question 30

energy level of positive or negative responses

Answer 30

Intensity

Question 31

how sensitive to physical stimuli (ie/sound, taste, touch, temperature changes)

Answer 31

Threshold

Question 32

the tendency to react to the world positively or negatively

Answer 32

Quality of mood

Question 33

degree of paying attention and concentration when not interested in an activity

Answer 33

Distractibility

Question 34

how long do they continue when faced with challenges?

Answer 34

Persistence and attention span

Question 35

Milestone development encompasses various domains of living: physical, emotional, social, and cognitive.
Practitioners start measuring these milestones soon after birth.
Emotional domain involves understanding, expressing, and controlling emotions.
Social domain is closely linked to emotional domain as social interactions aid in emotional and moral development.
Milestones serve as markers to track a child’s development compared to peers.
Lagging development may indicate the need for intervention or support.
Front-line practitioners are usually the first to detect developmental delays.

Answer 35

Developmental milestones

Question 36

Effective practitioners prioritize understanding the self as foundational to their work, facilitating therapeutic relationships with an ethic of care.
Relational practice models emphasize valuing and connecting with children and youth, recognizing their struggles, and using the practitioner as an intervention tool.
Unlike expert-based approaches, relational frameworks incorporate diverse perspectives and consider contextual factors impacting behaviour.

Answer 36

Theoretical Framework: Kostouros and Thompson

Question 37

Based on Relational Practice Model (Stuart 2013)
Emphasizes that child or youth is valuable, worth our connection, and safe.
Recognizes when child or youth is struggling to engage or attach.
Approach makes room for voices of those struggling and acknowledges diversity.
In relationship, we come to understand factors impacting behavior (e.g. context, intrapersonal challenges, trauma hx, cognitive challenges,etc.)
Treating symptoms without context can set up a negative trajectory.

Answer 37

Theoretical Framework: Kostouros and Thompson

Question 38

The ability to respond to what is unfolding in the immediate environment
The ability to think critically about power dynamics and the role of emotions in helping relationships
Clinician pays attention to “self” – personal biases, values, needs, and we question ourselves within our interactions (e.g. need for control, need to be needed)
Goal is to reduce dichotomous thinking prevalent in mental health (sick or not sick)

Answer 38

Reflexive Practice

Question 39

The text prioritizes intervention over etiology, emphasizing the need for relational approaches regardless of symptom origin.
Mental health is fluid and influenced by various stressors and coping mechanisms, with flourishing indicating optimal wellness.
Children and youth may fluctuate between flourishing and languishing depending on their experiences and support systems, emphasizing the importance of dynamic, responsive interventions.
Diagnosis of mental illness involves considering positive and negative symptoms, which can be influenced by cultural and contextual factors.

Answer 39

Mental Health

Question 40

refer to conditions such as poverty, racism, access to healthy food, safety, and employment that impact one’s well-being.
Struggling with difficult conditions leads to stress, limited healthcare access, and reliance on self-medication.
Cause in part, someone to access mental health care – requires RPN to work at both individual level and collaborative level (interdisciplinary work).

Answer 40

Social determinants of health

Question 41

Adverse social conditions can lead to stress responses, trauma, and mental health issues.
Adverse experiences in early life can have long-lasting effects on health and well-being.
Collaboration between parents and teachers can mitigate negative outcomes.
Practitioners should adopt a responsive, non-judgmental attitude towards individuals facing challenging circumstances.

Answer 41

Social determinants of health