Theoretical Frameworks Flashcards
list the stages of Freud’s psychosexual theory of development (5)
- oral ages birth to 18 months: hand-mouth behaviors
- Anal ages 18 months to 3 years: anus, toilet training
- Phallic ages 3 to 5 years: genital region, gender differences
- latency 6-12 years: period of dormancy
- genital 12-15 years: genital, mature sexual characteristics and relationships
list the developmental theories (4)
Freud: psychosexual
Erikson: psychsocial
Piaget: cognitive
Kohlberg: moral
list the major concepts of Freud’s psychosexual development theory
child’s personality evolves naturally through age-related, sequential stages, each foucused on a erogenous zone. If issues not resolved in a stage, ,child will stage fixated in that stage.
list the major concepts of Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development
personality develops from life to death in planned, sequential, age-related schema.
each stage has a crisis associated with it, crisis should be resolved before next state, but not stuck in stage, can be resolved later in life.
psychosocial state and crisis associated with it for birth to one year
trust vs. mistrust
develop security with primary caregiver
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with 1-3 year old
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
develop sense of independence, terrible twos
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with 3-6 year olds
initiative vs. guilt
takes initiative in creating play roles and social identification consistent with gender
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with 6-12 year olds
industry vs. inferiority
develop multiple skills which lead to sense of success, accomplishment, and confidence
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with 12-18 year olds
identity vs. role confusion
who am I? define personal identity and role
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with young adulthood
intimacy vs. isolation
develop mutually satisfying relationships, starting a family, keeping commitments
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with middle adulthood
generativity vs. stagnation
develop meaningful work, establishing guiding the next generation, contributing to society, risk of mid-life crisis.
psychosocial stage and crisis associated with maturity/old age
ego integrity vs. despair
life review, identify sense of meaning and satisfaction in their life, accepts death as part of completion of life.
name of Jean Piaget’s theory of development
cognitive theory of development
basic concepts associated with Piaget’s cognitive theory of development
a child’s physiological and psychological maturity, along with environment plays a role in cognitive development.
4 sequential stages.
concepts of assimilation, accommodation, and organization
Piaget’s cognitive stage associated with infancy
sensorimotor
learns about environment through activity, object permanence
Piaget’s cognitive stage associated with toddler and early childhood
pre-operational
use of symbols and language develops, concrete and egocentric thinking
Piaget’s cognitive stage associated with early elementary aged children to early adolescent
concrete operational:
more complex thinking skills, manipulation of symbols, able to have more than one perspective
Piaget’s cognitive developmental stage associated with adolescence and adulthood
.
Kohlberg developed which theory
moral theory of development
basic concepts of Kohlberg’s moral theory of development
individuals develop their values and morals according to a sequential model comprising three levels:
1-preconventional
2- conventional
3- postconventional
Describe the preconventional level of Kohlberg’s moral theory of development
preconventional:
stage 1 obedience-punishment driven
stage 2 self-interest driven- what’s in it for me
describe adolescent and adult stage of moral development according to kohlberg
conventional:
stage 3- social approval and conformity driven
stage 4- authority and social-order driven, universal ideas of what is wright/wrong
describe adult’s moral theory of development according to kohlberg
postconventional
stage 5- social-contract driven, what is the greatest good?
stage 6- universal ethical-principles driven, acts because something is right in and of itself, not in relation to the expectations of others.
according to Freud’s psycho-analytic theory: what are the three parts of personality?
Id: pleasure principle
Ego: conscious
superego: conscience
all three parts are in conflict
what was Henry Sack Sullivan’s theory?
interpersonal psychodynamic theory
what are the features of the interpersonal psychodynamic theory?
Harry Stack Sullivan:
interpersonal relationship is the keystone of therapeutic intervention.
people create “good me”, “bad me”, and “not me”
people cope with anxiety through selective inattention
What is Pavlov’s theory?
classical conditioning (behavioral theory) pair stimulus with response- bell-dog-salivate experiment
What is BF Skinner’s theory?
Operant condition (Behavioral Theory) behavior changes through rewards and punishments; associates a behavior with a consequence- positive, negative, continuous and intermittent reinforcement
What is Marsha Linehan’s theory?
Dialetical behavioral theory (DBT)
What are the main concepts of Linehan’s DBT theory?
Psychsocial treatment for those with BPD
Interventions focus on unconditional acceptance and validation
Choose the opposite action, choose distraction.
What is Maslow’s theory?
Humanistic theory: Hierarchy of basic human needs.
What was Carl Roger’s theory?
unconditional positive regard
What are the concepts associated with Roger’s theory?
passive, non-judgmental attitude towards patient.
What are the concepts of Maslow’s humanistic theory?
individuals must be able to meet their needs at their most basic level before they can fully progress towards the next level.
What are the levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs?
Physiological, safety/security, love/belonging, esteem, self actualization
(think ABCs).
what is john bowlby’s theory?
Attachment theory
what are the concepts associated with the attachment theory?
attachment behaviors are innate instinctive responses occurring between primary caregiver and child. Early experiences with attachment create basis for later social relationships
What is Hildegard Peplaus psychiatric nursing theory?
Theory of interpersonal relationships (1952)
What are the three phases of Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory?
1-Orientation: sets the stage, establish trust, rapport, boundaries
2- working: learning new skills
3- termination: goals achieved, review progress, closure of relationship
What is the role of the nurse, according to Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory
participate observer.
employs therapeutic use of self.
