Theoretical Disability Models

Question 1

Describe the Medical Model of disability

Answer 1

Biological Impairment that diminishes quality of life

Question 2

Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Medical Model of disability

Answer 2

Strengths: Clearly defines biological criteria for treatment and government assistance.

Weaknesses:
1. Overlooks the impact of the built environment
2. Stigmatizes
3. Criteria can be too narrow
4. Dehumanizing process for individuals to prove a disability

Question 3

Describe the Social Model of disability

Answer 3

“Disability” largely depends on design and is avoidable. Emphasizes the human rights of those with disabilities.

Question 4

Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Social Model of disability

Answer 4

Strengths: The model is empowering and more inclusive designs benefit everyone.

Weaknesses: Can de-emphasize the realities of living with a disability too much.

Question 5

Describe the Biopsychosocial Model of disability

Answer 5

Combination of the Medical Model and the Social Model and basis for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a publication by the World Health Organization in 2002.

Question 6

Describe the Economic Model of disability

Answer 6

Views disability from the economic position that disabled people have both a negative impact on their ability to work but higher costs of care.

Question 7

Describe the Functional Solution Model of disability

Answer 7

Takes a practical approach by working to overcome the limitations of a disability.

Question 8

Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Functional Solution Model of disability

Answer 8

Strengths: Real-world approach and innovation that improves people’s lives

Weaknesses: Can overlook opporutunies to address issues via social context

Question 9

Describe the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model

Answer 9

Identification as a culture through shared experience

Question 10

Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Social Identity/Cultural Model of disability

Answer 10

Strengths: Acceptance, empowerment, and political strength

Weaknesses: May exclude other parts of society or not be inclusive enough of other social groups

Question 11

Describe the Charity Model of disability

Answer 11

Views disability as an unfortunate circumstnce deserving of fundraisers, projects, special assistance and circumventions

Question 12

Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Charity Model of disability

Answer 12

Strengths: Builds empathy in others

Weaknesses: Encourages inequality

Question 13

What are some variations of the Medical Model of disability

Answer 13

Expert or Professional Model: Disabilities should be treated and managed by those with expertise and credentials.

Rehabilitation Model: emphasis on therapy and rehabilitation to compensate for the disability