Theoretical Disability Models Flashcards
Describe the Medical Model of disability
Biological Impairment that diminishes quality of life
Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Medical Model of disability
Strengths: Clearly defines biological criteria for treatment and government assistance.
Weaknesses:
1. Overlooks the impact of the built environment
2. Stigmatizes
3. Criteria can be too narrow
4. Dehumanizing process for individuals to prove a disability
Describe the Social Model of disability
“Disability” largely depends on design and is avoidable. Emphasizes the human rights of those with disabilities.
Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Social Model of disability
Strengths: The model is empowering and more inclusive designs benefit everyone.
Weaknesses: Can de-emphasize the realities of living with a disability too much.
Describe the Biopsychosocial Model of disability
Combination of the Medical Model and the Social Model and basis for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a publication by the World Health Organization in 2002.
Describe the Economic Model of disability
Views disability from the economic position that disabled people have both a negative impact on their ability to work but higher costs of care.
Describe the Functional Solution Model of disability
Takes a practical approach by working to overcome the limitations of a disability.
Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Functional Solution Model of disability
Strengths: Real-world approach and innovation that improves people’s lives
Weaknesses: Can overlook opporutunies to address issues via social context
Describe the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
Identification as a culture through shared experience
Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Social Identity/Cultural Model of disability
Strengths: Acceptance, empowerment, and political strength
Weaknesses: May exclude other parts of society or not be inclusive enough of other social groups
Describe the Charity Model of disability
Views disability as an unfortunate circumstnce deserving of fundraisers, projects, special assistance and circumventions
Describe some strengths and weaknesses of the Charity Model of disability
Strengths: Builds empathy in others
Weaknesses: Encourages inequality
What are some variations of the Medical Model of disability
Expert or Professional Model: Disabilities should be treated and managed by those with expertise and credentials.
Rehabilitation Model: emphasis on therapy and rehabilitation to compensate for the disability