Theme D Flashcards
define and give an example of direct action
when people try to achieve political goals themselves e.g through protests.
define and give an example of indirect action
when people try to influence politicians to act for them, e.g using petitions.
define digital democracy
use of online technology to engage voters with election campaigns and make them more likely to vote.
define democracy
system of government in which people vote their elected representatives into parliament.
define and give an example of boycott
refuse to buy/use a product or service. e.g. many people boycott fast fashion companies
define advocacy
public support for or campaigning on behalf of a particular cause or company.
define lobbying
seek to influence (a legislator) on an issue.
define pressure groups
an organised group of people who are trying to change public opinion or government policy to its own beliefs or views.
give an example of pressure groups
e.g. amnesty international, greenpeace or oxfam.
define and give an example of insider pressure groups
groups that provide expertise and are consulted on government policy. e.g. BMA.
define outsider pressure groups
groups whose aims do not have the support of the government.
give an example of outsider pressure groups
fathers 4 justice.
define insider pressure groups
groups that provide expertise and are consulted on government policy.
give an example of insider pressure groups
BMA - british medical association
define trade unions
act on behalf of workers to give them a voice and represent their interests to employers.
give an example of trade unions
NEU - national education union
BMA - british medical association
define interest groups
people who share a common interest that may be political or not, and can promote their ideas in many ways.
define campaigning
using different methods to influence people’s behaviour and decisions.
define and give an example of to influence
to have an effect on someone or something. e.g. to change the way they behave, feel or think.
define and give an example of volunteering
when someone chooses to give their time to help others, usually without being paid.
define charities
help those in need locally by providing direct help, giving info or raising the profile of a particular issue
define censorship
limiting the information given to the general public by the government.
define press
a term generally used to refer to the media and in particular newspapers.
define and give an example of print media
describes published media. e.g books, newspapers and magazines.
what is broadcast media
TV and radio
define and give an example of
new media technologies on the internet. e.g. websites, blogs, social media apps and podcasts.
define public opinion
views held by the general public and particular issues.
define press freedom
the ability of the press to give information and express opinions.
define bias
to be in favour of someone or something over another.
define a journalist
person who gathers news, produces and reports for the media.
define a single market
group of countries trading with each other without restrictions or tariffs.
what is a fair trade
a system of buying and selling products that aims to pay the producer a fair price.
what is a free trade
trade between countries which is not restricted by things like high taxes on imports
what are tariffs
taxes to be paid on some imports or exports
what is a veto
to refuse to admit or approve (specifically a law)
define mediation
bringing together the different sides of a dispute to negotiate a solution
what are sanctions
penalties for breaking rules in international situations, they put pressure on sides in a dispute.
what are examples of sanctions
- trade sanctions
- ban on selling military equipment to a country
- expelling the country’s diplomats from other countries
what does UDHR stand for
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
what is the UDHR
document that states all the human rights that citizens should have globally around the world.
what is force used as
last resort if all else fails. e.g. intervention using military
what is the UN
is an international organization created to improve human rights and reduce global conflicts.
when was the UN created?
After WW2 - 1945
what are the aims of the UN?
- to stop conflict and war
- to protect human rights
- to make sure countries obey international laws
how many members of the security council are there?
15 members
( 5 permanent, 10 non-permanent)
what are the 5 permanent members of the UN security council?
- France
- UK
- USA
- Russia
- China
