Theme B Flashcards by alinata Unknown

Negatives of uncodified constitution

Difficult for judges to make a decision on what is a constitutional issue and what isn’t
Weaker protection of laws

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Positives of uncodified constitution

Ability to make emergency laws ( such as covid laws)
Easy to change laws to fit modern day governance

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The UK is apart of the only 5 countries to have an uncodified constitution
True or false

TRUE

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What is an uncodified constitution

A constitution that is not contained in one written document but is a collection of several laws, conventions and historical documents ,

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What is a constitution

The set of rules that determine how a country is governed

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SNP MANIFESTO

Promote scottish independance
Protect and improve public services
Invest in clean energy

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Lib Dem

Free private healthcare
Lower the voting age to 16
Seek to rejoin the European single market

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Conservative manifesto

Reduce tax for workers, self employed and pensioners
Promise not to raise coporate tax
Provide more parents with free childcare

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Labour manifesto

To reduce NHS waiting times
Tax private schools to fund public schools
Invest in clean energy

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How are laws made

Idea is suggested
First reading- bill is introduced to House of Commons
Second reading - MP vote on bill
Comitee stage -some mps look at the bill and make amendment
Third reading- improved bill is read out and voted on again
House of Lords- the House of Lords then vote on the bill
Royal assent - the king gives formal approval

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What does the black rod do

Lead ceremonial duties - state opening of parliament
Head of security at parliament

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What is the role of members of parliament

Represent constituencies
Scrutinise the government
Raise issues
Make laws

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What is the role of the prime minister

Leads government
Appoints ministers
Decides what the government should focus on the most (health, education)

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Name three offices in parliament

Chancellor of exchequer
Home Secretary
Ministry of defence

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Name three political rights

The right to vote
The right to freedom speech
The right to a secret ballot

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what is the UDHR? When was it made and what’s its purpose

Universal declaration on human rights
It was made in 1948 buy the UN
Sets out basic human rights

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what is the ECHR? When was it made and what’s its purpose

The European convention of human rights
1953
Set up by council of Europe and it establishes basic human rights for europe
Set up the European court of human rights

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what is the UN convention on the rights of the child? When was it made and what’s its purpose

1989
Basic fundamental rights specific to children

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What is the role of the local government

Deal with local issues such as roads, parking , waste collection

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The role of devolved government

They are elected by the nationals of the countries and they have power over most matters such as education healthcare crime and punishment

Who can stand for election

Over 18 years of age
No criminal record
A British, Irish or commonwealth citizen

What must each election candidate pay

£500 if you get less than 5% of votes you lose your deposit

Who can vote

Must be 18
Registered to vote
You must be a resident at a uk address

What is voter turnout

The he number of people who do vote

Factors affecting turnout

The weather on election day The date of election Voter apathy - the amount of voters interested How close the two parties are to winning/ if percentages are close more people vote to make a party win

Should we reduce to voting age to 16

For: ⭐️Young people are affected by desicions ⭐️Some young people pay taxes such as income tax and national insurance ⭐️It would encourage young people to be engaged in politics Against: There are many things which cannot be done at 16 Young people have less life experience Young people do not always have the maturity

How are taxes raised

Taxation- national income tax, VAT, corporation tax

How is tax spent

On sectors such as Education Health Social security and welfare Interest payments Public order and safety Defense

Positives of first past the post

Strong stable governments formed Simple and easy to understand Each MP is linked to their constituents

Disadvantages of first past the post

Smaller parties tend to win less Millions of votes wont count elections can be won by less than 50%

Name three jobs the prime minister has to do

Manage the cabinet Direct government policy Provide national leadership

What is the cabinet

A group of senior government ministers chosen by the prime minister Eg: Chancellor of the Exchequer Home Secretary Foreign secretary

What does the judiciary do

It’s made of up judges who make judgements about the law

What is legislature

the legislature is the two houses and they create laws

What is the government made up of

All the important ministers such as home office, treasury and ministry of defence

What are hustings

A candidate in an election gives a speech to convince voters to vote for them

What is canvassing

People persuade others to vote for a certain party

How is the front bench different to the back bench

The front bench are loyal to the prime minister in return for power(extra pay, armed security and a free car) The back bench are more loyal to the people they represent, they will openly critique the prime minister if they do something wrong, even though the prime minister is in their party

What does the Home Secretary do

They are in charge of uk security For example immigration and visas, crime and policing, identity and passports

What does the foreign secretary do

The foreign secretary is a representative of the UK to the rest of the world They talk to leaders and diplomats from other countries to discuss things such as trade deals

Why is the deputy prime minister needed

If anything happens to the PM which causes them to be unable to work the deputy PM will be their temporary substitute For example when Boris got Covid the deputy PM took over

What is income tax

Tax on what you earn

What is VAT

Tax on products you purchase

What are exercise duties

Taxes of things that are bad for your health For example alcohol and cigarettes

What are select committees

They are small groups of MPs in the Uk parliament who investiagate and scrutinise areas of government work They examine how government departments are run Questions ministers or even the prime minister They make reports and recommend ways to improve policies

What’s an example of direct democracy

Referendums

What is the shadow cabinet

The shadow cabinet is made up of the ministers from the main opposition party. their job is to scrutinise government policies , challenge decisions and present alternatives