Theme A Flashcards
What is a community?
A community is a group of people that live in an area or share a similar characteristic. E.g Barking and Dagenham community, Asian Community
What are the impacts of the UK’s ageing population?
- Increased demand for the NHS
- Higher costs of social care and care homes
- Increase in age-related conditions increase and more
money has to be invested into the treating and sustaining
of older people - Raised cost of pensions for longer time periods
Changes in the UK diversity
The Uk has become way more ethnically diverse. According to the UK census, a survey that takes place every 10 years:
- Decrease in percentage of people that identify as white
(still over 80%)
-Increase in mixed and multiple ethnic groups
- Decrease in people that identify as christian, still a majority
- increase in people who identify as Muslims and other
religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism
- increase in Atheism
- London most diverse area
What are some push factors for migration? (factors that encourage people to leave)
- War and conflict
- Frequent Natural disasters
- Religious, ethnic or cultural discrimination
- Political persecution or repressive systems
- Human right abuse
What are some pull factors for migration? (factors that encourage people to come to a country)
- Economic and work opportunities
- Better standard of living
- Culture of respect and tolerance
- Political stability and increased freedoms
- Human right protection
What is an economic migrant?
people that migrate to a country for work or greater economic opportunities
What is an asylum seeker?
People who leave their country in fear of being persecuted. They have applied for asylum in another country HOWEVER their application has not been accepted
What is a refugee?
People who leave their country in fear of being persecuted,. In the UK, refugees are entitled to a small amount of money monthly, and are protected by law
Benefits of migration
- economic migrants help the economy grow through work, tax.
- Migrants can fill vacant job roles and contribute to helping with job shortages in positions such as doctors and teachers
- Diversity, tolerance, education and respect levels can increase
Challenges of migration
- Population growth, leads to an increase in demand for services such as the NHS, education and an increase i n unemployment rates
- Tension with extremist groups may arise
Some sources of migration in recent history
- Windrush generation in 1948 - 1971, after ww2 thousands of Caribbean people came by windrush boat to fill vacant job roles and help rebuild the UK economy
- Eastern European immigration of 2004, over 1 million immigrants from eastern europe came to the UK
British Values
- Democracy
- Upholding of the rule of law
- belief in individual liberty
- mutual respect and tolerance
Effects of Inequality in the UK
-Gender pay gap, most men being paid more than women for working the same job
- Ageism, refusing medication to elderly people aged 75 or older
- Religious discrimination, e.g workplaces not accommodating religious customs
- Gender reassignment discrimination, e.g toilets only for men/women
The Equality Act 2010
The Equality act of 2010 makes it illegal to discriminate against people for the 9 characteristics, which follow:
1) Age
2) Disability
3) Gender reassignment
4) Marriage/civil partnership status
5) Pregnancy/Maternity
6) Race
7) Religion and beliefs
8) Sex
9) Sexual orientation
How can schools promote mutual understanding?
-Provide citizenship and RE education
- Assemblies about religious ceremonies
- Learning about different cultures and religions
- Cultural events, activities that surround international culture.
What is community cohesion?
Where people can live together in harmony by having respect and tolerance for each others diversities
Examples of good community cohesion
- Tolerance of different cultural and religious beliefs
- Mutual respect and understanding
- Celebrations of diversity
Examples of poor community cohesion
- Higher crime levels
- racism
- gang culture
- segregation
what is religious identity?
The religion or belief that people identify with, shown through celebrations, food, places of worship etc, or may be shown through a lack of religious belief for some people
Ethnic and cultural identity
Refers to the groups, history or ethnicity that people feel they belong to
National identity
In the UK, all people with a full citizenship status share the national identity of being British. However, many people can still have a national identity of their heritage, home country and race
What are human rights?
Human rights are rights that are given to everyone from the moment of birth. They are universal and should not be taken away.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human rights?
The UDHR is a document that called upon governments to protect and promote the human rights of individual people. It has 30 articles, some including:
- the right to Life, liberty and security
- the right to freedom from slavery and torture
- the right to equal protection of the law
- the right to privacy
- The right to education, freedom of association
- the right to freedom of speech, thought and conscience
- right to practice religion
What are some key concepts of employment legislation
- Employers must pay at least minimum wage
- Health and safety must be promoted in a workplace
- There must be a contract of employment to prevent an
exploitation of employees and to define the expectations of
employers and employees - employers must abide to the equality act of 2010
What is a Citizen’s advice bureau?
An organisation that aims to provide free legal advice to all aspects of civil law
What is the Human rights act 1998?
It aimed to integrate the UDHR of 1948 into British law, and brought controversial laws like:
Sentenced prisoners are not allowed to vote and participate in free elections
What does the consumer rights act 2015 entail?
The consumer rights act 2015 falls under consumer law and protects the rights of consumers when purchasing goods and services in the UK.
- Goods and services purchased should be as advertised fit to purpose
- Services should be undertaken with reasonable care and skill
- Customers can expect to have an exchange or their money back if goods aren’t as advertised, or repeated if a service is unreasonable.
What are legal rights?
Legal rights are created, enforced and protected by the government. They also require require the responsibility of individuals to obey the law and respect the freedoms of others
What are political rights?
Political rights are rights that citizens have that they can exercise in order to give their opinion or be a part of elections
4 key political rights for adults
1) To vote in general elections for a Member of Parliament to represent them
2) To vote in local elections for councillors to represent them in the local council
3) To vote in referendums
4) To stand for election as a local councillor, MP, Mayor or police and crime commissioner
What is the rule of law?
The rule of law is extremely essential to uphold the rights and duties of citizens in a democratic society. The rule of law consists of 3 basic principles:
1) Equality before the law - This ensures that everyone is treated equally in the legal system and that nobody is above the law
2) Innocent until proven guilty - In criminal law, everyone brought to court is considered innocent until they are proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt
3) Access to justice - Everyone has the right to use the justice system.
Limits in the Human rights act 1998:
1) The right to privacy - Tabloids are well known for intrusion into people’s lives for a story. In 2011, journalists hacked into the phone of missing student Milly Dowler for information. Their powers are limited to protect the right of privacy.
2) Freedom of speech - Freedom of speech may be misused to promote terrorist views, so this must be limited to protect against discrimination of others.
3) The right of individual liberty - People identified as terrorists/ extremists can be held and questioned without charge for up to 14 days
What are county councils responsible for?
County councils have responsibilities for areas such as education, the fire service, libraries, social care, transport and highways.
What are local councils responsible for?
Local councils are responsibilities like council tax collection, housing, leisure services and refuse collection
What are Mayors?
These can either be elected mayors, e.g Mayor of London, or traditional civic mayors, elected by councillors. They carry out ceremonial duties and chair meetings, but cannot make individual decisions about council business
What are local councillors?
Local councillors are elected by the public, and are responsible for representing their party and ward; responding to the needs of residents, such as leisure centres, developing and reviewing council policies, examining the work of the council and cabinet, and community engagement and leadership
What is council tax?
Money collected to be used to fund and pay for services that councils provide; each household pays it, and the amount is determined by the value of the home, so that more wealthy areas pay more than more deprived areas
