Theme A Flashcards
What is a community?
A group of people who are in close contact and share common interests and values.
What is a multicultural society?
The coexistence of different ethnicities, nationalities, and cultures.
How is the UK population changing?
The population is growing due to more babies being born than people dying. The UK has an aging population because of improved healthcare and a mass number of babies born after World War 2.
What’s causing the UK population to change?
1) Life expectancy
2) Migration
Where have migrants come from?
1) Commonwealth
2) European Union
What are the pros of migration?
1) Economy grows through taxes, rent, etc.
2) Fill roles where there are shortages (doctors, teachers, etc)
3) Diversity, respect, and tolerance are enhanced through shared cultures.
What are the cons of migration?
1) Increase demand for housing, NHS, etc.
2) Pay rates decrease if migrants work for lower wages.
3) Tension builds increasing support for extremist groups.
What is a neighbourhood?
A local area where poeple live as neighbours, sharing living space and interests.
What is meant by cultural diversity?
The range of different groups that make up the wider population.
Define a minority.
A small part of a larger group of people.
What does it mean to be tolerant?
Open-minded and accepting.
What is a dual heritage?
People with parents or ancestors of different origins.
Define identity.
Who or what someone or something is.
Define multiple identities.
Identifying as more than one thing. For example, being Asian/British, or being a mum and a sister.
Give examples of what makes up a person’s identity.
Nationality, age, sexual orientation, gender, religion, ethnicity, culture
What’s a convention?
An agreement usually between governments.
What is a decleration?
A document setting down aims and intentions.
What are human rights?
Things that people are morally or legally allowed to do or have.
What are the United nations?
An international organisation that tries to encourage peace, cooperation and friendship between countries.
What does UDHR stand for and what year was it set?
The Universal Decleration of Human Rights.
1948
Drawn up after horrors of the War and there are 30 articles to establish rights every human is entitled to.
What is an act?
A law passed by Parliament.
What is compensation?
Making amends for something.
What is harassment?
Repeatedly threatening, humiliating or pestering someone.
What is victimisation?
Discriminating against someone unfairly.
What is integration?
Bringing different groups of people together in society.
Explain some ways schools promote mutual understanding.
Citizenship and RE lessons, assemblies, cultural events.
What are the effects of inequality?
Gender pay gap, ageism, religious discrimination, gender reassignment discrimination.
When was the equality act established?
2010
What is the role of the Equality act in preventing discrimination?
-prevents discrimination, harassment and unfair treatment of individuals within the nine protected characteristics.
-protects people in public places, workplace etc.
What are the nine protected characteristics of the Equality act?
-Age
-Disability
-Gender reassignment
-Marital and civil partnership
-Pregnancy and maternity
-Race
-Religion or beliefs
-Sex
-Sexual orientation
Why is mutual respect important?
Important for understanding the views and beliefs of others creating the equality and courtesy needed for social cohesion.
What is diversity?
Being part of a community with a range of differences based on culture, religion, class or age.
What is integration?
Bringing different groups of people together in society.
What is community cohesion?
Creating a community where there is a sense of belonging for all different communities.
What are some articles of the UDHR?
Life, security, freedom, equal protection, education, freedom of speech.
What was the Magna Carta?
A charter of rights which the English barons forced king John to sign in 1215.
Explain what the ECHR is and what it stands for and when was it established.
European convention on Human Rights.
1950/1953
If residents of one country don’t think they have had a fair response from the courts the can go to the ECHR.
What is the HRA and when was it established?
Human Rights Act
1998
This is just in the UK which states that all organisations have a duty to protect the rights of individuals.
What is the UNCRC and when was it established?
United Nations Convention of the Rights of a Child.
1990
Sets out the rights that every such child should be entitled to like education.
What is a Councillor?
Member of the local council elected by people in the area.
What are political rights?
Rights to take part in elections and other democratic activities.
What are the principles of the rule of law?
-Equality before the law (no one is above the law).
-Innocent until proven guilty.
-Access to justice.-
What is a trade union?
Organisations that look after the interests of a group of employees.
Give 2 examples of trade unions.
UNITE, The teaching union.
Define suffrage.
The right to vote.
Why was employment law created?
To ensure people are treated fairly at work and to provide protection in a range of employment situations like unfair dismissal, wage disputes and redundancy.
Why was consumer law created?
To protect the rights of consumers when purchasing goods or services.
What does the consumer rights act declare?
-Things purchased should be as advertised and fit for purpose.
-Services should be undertaken with care and skill.
-Customers can expect exchange or money return if goods are not as advertised and repeated service if it was unreasonable.
When was the consumer rights act declared?
2015
What is a consumer?
A person who buys goods or services for their own use.
Why might some rights and freedoms be limited?
-The right to privacy (tabloids intrude on the lives of celebrities so freedom has been limited to not breach their privacy).
-Freedom of Speech (might promote extremist views so limited to protect rights and prevent discrimination).
-Terrorism Threats (suspected terrorists can be held and questioned without charge for up to 14 days this limits right of liberty for protection of public).
What is the office of fair trading?
A government office that can take action against traders who break the law.
What are the steps a consumer can take if dissatisfied with goods or service?
1) Contact the trader.
2) Seek advise from the Citizens Advice Bureau.
3) CAB may suggest you go to the Trading standards department.
4) The Office of fair trading will take action.
What is a moral right?
The responsibility of people to behave in a moral way towards others.
Define redundancy.
When a person loses their job because it doesn’t need to be done anymore.
What is a council?
A group of people who are elected to look after the affairs of a town, district or country.
What is the difference between councillors and officers?
Councillor= Elected by the public, responsible for representing their party and responding to needs of residents.
Officer=employed to work for the council and implementing council plans (e.g. recycling vehicle route).
What services do local councils provide?
Collection of council tax, social housing, leisure services, local planning and rubbish collection.
How are local councils funded?
-Council tax
-Business rates
-Central government grants
-Income from charges and fees
What is council tax?
Paid by everyone in the area and based on value of their house.
What are business rates?
Form of tax paid by all businesses in an area. Depends on rent that could be charged for premises.
What are central government grants?
Money given to local government by Central government every year. Amount calculated on area needs.
What is income from charges and fees?
Councils make charges and fees for council services. Example: Parking fees, bulky refuse collection.
