theme 3C- what is evolution

Question 1

what does biological diversity reflect?

Answer 1

an interaction between the forms that preceded them and an ongoing process of change (previous and on going)

Question 2

why is everything temporary?

Answer 2

constant state of change

Question 3

what is the goal of evolution?

Answer 3

devine perfection

Question 4

what are the 4 ways we study evolution?

Answer 4

1. genetics
2. population and quantitative genetics
3. paleobiology
4. integration of genetics and morphology

Question 5

what does genetics answer?

Answer 5

how does inheritance work

Question 6

what is population and quantitative genetics?

Answer 6

how do allele frequencies change in populations over time and space (real time evolution)

Question 7

what is paleobiology?

Answer 7

how do large scale evolutionary changes affect groups of organisms (fossils)

Question 8

what is integration of genetics and morphology?

Answer 8

developmental patterns and evolutionary transitions (similarities conserved over time)

Question 9

what are the 4 ideas for evolution to be possible?

Answer 9

1. some species survive while others go extinct
2. earth must be really old to have underhhone change
3. species are capable of changing
4. must be pressure to force adaptation

Question 10

what was georges cuviers findings?

Answer 10

many species have gone extinct, the number of species were declining

Question 11

what was charles lyells findings?

Answer 11

-landforms were not fixed but changed slowly as a result of geological processes that can be observed today
- earth was much older than accepted age

Question 12

what is lamarckism?

Answer 12

aquired traits can be inherited, lost through disuse

Question 13

what did jean-baptiste lamarck believe?

Answer 13

that species changed over time - transmutation

Question 14

what were thomas malthus thinkings?

Answer 14

human population can increase increase faster than food suply- which leads to competition and survival of the fittest
-principle of populations

Question 15

what are examples of limited resources?

Answer 15

food, shelter, mating

Question 16

what does the struggle for existance from limited resources result in?

Answer 16

favourable variations tend to be preserved and unfavourable ones tend to be destroyed

Question 17

what is charles darwins circle?

Answer 17

varoation in traits, natural selection, differences in fitness, inheritance

Question 18

what are darwins 4 postulates?

Answer 18

1. individuals within a species vary
2. some variation is inherited
3. more offspring are produced than can survive and reproduce
4. survival and reproduction is not random but related to phenotypic variation

Question 19

how did wallace contribute to evolution?

Answer 19

came up with the theory of natural selection independantly of darwin, puplished with darwin

Question 20

what were the 2 charles darwins ideas?

Answer 20

-biological evolution is change in species over time
-natural selection is just a mechanism

Question 21

when is evolution as a response to natural selection inevitable?

Answer 21

-variation in a trait
-variation is heritable
-some variants survive and reproduce more than others
-life is closely associated with the environment (traits to evolve predation/ catch prey)

Question 22

what are the implications of darwins finshes and the galapagoes islands?

Answer 22

-terrestrial species on the islands won’t have many relatives nearby
-neighboring islands will have close relatives
-LITTLE GENE FLOW BETWEEN ISLANDS

Question 23

what is adaptive radiation?

Answer 23

a process in which organsisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into many new form

Question 24

can natural selection occur without heritability?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

can evolution by natural selection occur without heritability?

Answer 25

no