Theme 3: Violence & Pacification

Question 1

Who founded the Fenian movement and where?

Answer 1

James Stephens in the USA

Question 2

When was the Fenian movement founded?

Answer 2

1886

Question 3

What did the Fenian movement believe in?

Answer 3

Irish Republic free of British Rule in Ireland

Question 4

What was the name given to the methods the Fenian movement mostly used to achieve there goals?

Answer 4

Revolutionary nationalism

Question 5

What were the names of two notable members who were prepared to work with constitutionally minded nationalists?

Answer 5

John O’Leary and Charles Kickham

Question 6

What important event for the Fenians took place in 1867?

Answer 6

Manchester Martyrs Incident

Question 7

What was the Manchester martyrs incident?

Answer 7

A number of Fenians attacked a prison van attempting to free two of their Fenian Leaders. In the process a policeman was killed and a number o Fenians were executed or arrested

Question 8

What were the names of the Fenian leaders who were unsuccessfully broke free in the Manchester martyrs incident?

Answer 8

T.J Kelly and Timothy Deasy

Question 9

What was the significance of the Manchester Marty’s incident?

Answer 9

It gained support from the Catholic Church and subsequently a greater amount of Irish followed.

Question 10

What was the name of the MP and constituency that a Fenian was elected to in 1869?

Answer 10

Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa (MP for Tipperary)

Question 11

What were the names of two British newspapers that were strongly anti-Fenian?

Answer 11

Tomahawk & Punch

Question 12

What was Gladstone’s mission according to himself?

Answer 12

To pacify Ireland

Question 13

What did the 1869 Irish Church Act do?

Answer 13

It made the Church of Ireland of voluntary membership so the Irish no longer had to give money to it or attend services

Question 14

What lead to a greater Irish attitude for Home Rule in the early 1870’s?

Answer 14

Gladstone’s reforms were not achieving as much as they would like to especially after the failure of the Irish University Bill in 1873. Home rule was the best way to get things done

Question 15

Who was the founder of the Irish Home Rule Party/League?

Answer 15

Isaac Butt

Question 16

When did the Home Rule Association become a political party under the name of the Home Rule Party?

Answer 16

1873

Question 17

When did Parnell become president of the Home Rule Party?

Answer 17

1877

Question 18

Even though it is pretty obvious what was the objective of the home rule party and what methods would they use?

Answer 18

Irish Home Rule using constitutional methods but had backing from Fenian movement

Question 19

In the 1874 general election when it won 59 seats what were the limitations of this success?

Answer 19

Huge anti-home rule Conservative party majority
The MP’s who supported home rule were not totally committed to Home Rule and had greater concerns for their constituency. They also had to keep their seat
Conservatives used “obstructionism” to mute talk of home rule
Fenians temporarily withdrew support

Question 20

Why did Parnell, an extreme member of the Home Rule Party, begin to fall out of touch with Isaac Butts approach?

Answer 20

Parnell wanted a more ruthless and direct political approach, contrasting to Butts timid approach.

Question 21

What did Parnell name the approach he had to gaining home rule from 1880 to 1882 following Butt’s death and what was it?

Answer 21

The “New Departure” was a more radical approach that focused on gaining a lot of support from many groups such as Fenians to be a more influential and significant force hopefully gaining home rule faster.

Question 22

What were the names of the people who represented groups in support for the “New Departure” and which groups did they represent?

Answer 22

John Devoy, William O’Brien, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, Parnell, Willie Redmond.

Question 23

What did the members of the New Departure do that lead to their imprisonment in Kilmainham jail?

Answer 23

Launched a fierce verbal attack upon Gladstones reforms, most notably the 1881 Land act for being too weak. Under the Irish Coercion Act they were put in jail.

Question 24

What was the result of the 1882 Kilmainam treaty?

Answer 24

He and most of his followers agreed to become less militant and aggressive in approach. John Devoy was all about this and so he withdrew support from Parnells approach

Question 25

Why was Devoy’s loss not too costly?

Answer 25

After the Phoenix Park murders in 1882 violent methods were widely condemned and so by disassociating himself from Devoy it would maintain popularity and support for his cause.

Question 26

What did Parnell create in 1882 that confirmed he was becoming more constitutional?

Answer 26

Irish National League

Question 27

How was Parnell able to guarantee support within his party?

Answer 27

Through “the pledge” he was able to guarantee support and maintain an authoritarian style of control.

Question 28

What major act for the Irish National Party was passed in 1884?

Answer 28

Representation of the People’s Act, this extended the vote to 500,000 people most of which were rural Irish tenant farmers who would almost definitely all vote for the part

Question 29

How may seats did the Irish National Party win in the 1885 general election?

Answer 29

86 seats

Question 30

What did Parnell negotiate in the 1882 Kilmainham treaty? And was it a success?

Answer 30

The release of the New Departure from Kilmainham jail and reform of the 1881 land act in return for calling an end to the no rent manifesto. This was an agreement very beneficial to his side.

Question 31

What was a benefiting factor for the Irish National Party after the 1885 general election and what did they do?

Answer 31

They had the balance of power between the two major parties and so could use this to their advantage to gain support from them on issues. They mostly choose the Conservatives as they held a huge majority in the House of Lords that restricted Home Rule passing through.

Question 32

In response to their imprisonment in Kilmainham jail and the Irish economic crisis, what did the members of the “New Departure” call for and lead?

Answer 32

A “No rent manifesto” which called upon the tenants as a whole to stop paying rents. It was a partial success