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Geography > Theme 3 Keywords > Flashcards

Theme 3 Keywords Flashcards

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0
Q

Secondary sector

A

Involved in processing the raw materials and manufacturing. And example of employment in this sector is clothing manufacturing.

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1
Q

Primary sector

A

Involved in producing raw materials. An example of employment in this sector is farming.

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2
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Provides a service to other industries or individuals like you. An example of employment in this sector is a sales assistant.

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3
Q

Public sector

A

This where the person is employed by the national, regional or local governments

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4
Q

Private sector

A

This is where the person is employed by themselves or a company not owned by the government

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5
Q

Percentage of people (globally) who works in the primary sector

A

43% of people

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6
Q

Reasons for employment change?

A

Deindustrialization in the UK, humans being replaced by machines, cheaper manufacture goods in LEDC’s, wages cheaper in LEDC’s, LEDC countries are more relaxed health and safety laws, countries such as china and South Korea offer incentives to MNC’s to set up their country.

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7
Q

Mechanisation

A

Increased use of machines to replace humans

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8
Q

Deindustrialization

A

Change in employment from secondary industries to tertiary industries

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9
Q

Knowledge economy

A

Jobs which require high levels if education and training

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10
Q

Formal occupation

A

Workers who have a contract of employment giving them rights such as a regular wage

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11
Q

Acid rain

A

Unnaturally acidic rain caused by a high concentration of certain pollutants (especially nitrogen dioxide and sulpher dioxide) in the atmosphere

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12
Q

Adult literacy

A

The percentage of the adult population who can read and write

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13
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of living things

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14
Q

Brain drain

A

The reduction in the number of highly qualified workers due to emigration

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15
Q

BRICM

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico. Large and growing economies that contribute towards global patterns of trade and interdependence

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16
Q

Carbon neutral

A

A product or development that does not add any extra any carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere over its lifetime

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17
Q

Carbon sinks

A

Places where carbon is stored over very long periods of time, for example fossil fuels

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18
Q

Climate

A

Taking weather readings over long periods of time and then working out averages, patterns and trends

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19
Q

Climate change

A

A long term change in the annual weather conditions. These changes can be natural or caused by human actions

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20
Q

Clone town

A

Towns with retail areas that consist mainly of chain stores but have few independent retailers

21
Q

Commute

A

When people who live in rural areas travel everyday to jobs in urban areas

22
Q

Debt for nature swap

A

An agreement between poorer nations that owe money to richer nations. The poorer nation agrees to send money on a conservation project. In exchange the richer country agrees to cancel part of the debt of money that is owed

23
Q

De-industrialisation

A

A shift in employment from manufacturing to jobs that provided a service

24
Q

Depravation

A

To lack some basic needs of life, such as education, clean water, enough food or equality

25
Q

Development gap

A

The difference in wealth between rich and poor countries

26
Q

Emergency aid

A

Help that is given urgently after a natural disaster or a conflict to protect the lives of survivors

27
Q

Emissions

A

Chemicals released into the atmosphere by industry such as nitrogen oxide

28
Q

Fair trade

A

An organisation that aims to guarantee that the producer of goods, such as foodstuffs and clothing, gets a fair price for their goods

29
Q

Free trade

A

When countries trade without any limits to the amount of goods that can be exported and imported

30
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

A natural process in which gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat energy in the atmosphere

31
Q

Green house gases

A

Gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane that are able to trap heat in the atmosphere

32
Q

Gross national income (GNI) per person/ gross national product (GDP)

A

The average income in a country per person

33
Q

High tech industries

A

The use of advance technology in manufacturing such as defence systems and medical equipment

34
Q

Knowledge intensive service

A

Industries such as finance and education

35
Q

Labour intensive

A

Work that is still done by hand rather than using labour saving machines

36
Q

Manufacturing

A

The production of goods and processes materials by secondary sector economy

37
Q

Mechanisation

A

The increased use of machines to replace human labour

38
Q

Millennium development goals

A

Development targets set by the United Nations with aims to meet by 2015

39
Q

Multilateral aid

A

Funding that involves many donor countries

40
Q

MNC’s multinational companies

A

Large businesses, such as Sony, Microsoft, McDonalds that have branches in several countries

41
Q

TNC’S transnational companies

A

Large businesses, such as Sony, Microsoft, McDonald’s that have branches in several countries

42
Q

Negative multiplier effect

A

A downward spiral of decline in the economy. Negative multipliers may be triggered by the closure of a large employer

43
Q

Newly industrialised country (MIC)

A

Newly industrialised countries such as India, Thailand or Indonesia have a large percentage if the workforce working in the secondary (manufacturing) industry

44
Q

Overseas development aid

A

Government funding given to many different long term development projects abroad

45
Q

Positive development aid

A

A positive chain of events triggered by the creation of new jobs I’m a region

46
Q

Poverty

A

People who live below a certain income level

47
Q

Poverty line

A

A level of income. If someone earns less than this amount they are said to be poor

48
Q

Primary commodities

A

Raw materials that have not been produces raw materials such as food stuffs, timber or minerals

49
Q

Quotas

A

Restrictions on the number of particular goods that can be imported each year

50
Q

Remittances

A

The return of money sent by migrant workers to support their families who have remained at home

51
Q

Sanitation

A

The safe removal of waste water

Geography (10 decks)

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