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Geography > Theme 2 key words > Flashcards

Theme 2 key words Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrasion?

A

Erosion caused by the rubbing together of material and consequent wearing down and smoothing (sand paper effect)

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2
Q

Altitude?

A

The height above sea level

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3
Q

Anticyclone?

A

An area of high pressure that brings clear and cold conditions in winter and stable heat wave conditions in summer

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4
Q

Attrition?

A

Erosion caused by the collision of material and consequent breaking up

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5
Q

Cliff retreat?

A

When wave action undercuts a cliff and they collapse and retreat back (hydraulic action and abrasion caused by waves). Can create wave cut platforms.

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6
Q

Climate?

A

The long term average conditions of the atmosphere

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7
Q

Condensation?

A

When water changes from gas (vapour) to liquid on cooling, often forming clouds

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8
Q

Continental?

A

Inland areas that are far from the sea. May be land locked. These areas have a higher temperature range than coastal areas.

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9
Q

Conventional rain?

A

Rain caused by the suns radiation heating the surface of the earth and evaporating, water vapour rises, cools and condenses to form clouds and rain. Common in summer and can produce violent thunder storms.

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10
Q

Cost benefit analysis?

A

A calculation to work out how much money can be spent to defend a coastline. The higher the value of the land, the more that can be spent and remain economically viable.

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11
Q

Depression?

A

Low pressure weather system that brings windy and rainy conditions to the UK

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12
Q

Deposition?

A

When transported material is laid down

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13
Q

Desertification?

A

The process of becoming more desert like

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14
Q

Drainage basin?

A

An area drained by a river and its tributaries

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15
Q

Erosion?

A

The wearing away and removal of rocks and surfaces

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16
Q

Evaporation?

A

The loss of water when it changes from a liquid into a vapour, transferred from surface to atmosphere

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17
Q

Evapotranspiration?

A

The combined water loss from evaporation and transpiration

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18
Q

Flood?

A

When the river channel does not have enough capacity to transfer all the discharge

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19
Q

Frontal rainfall?

A

Rainfall caused by warm air being forced above cold air at either warm or cold fronts

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20
Q

Geology?

A

The rock type and structure in an area

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21
Q

Greenhouse effect?

A

The way in which the earth is unnaturally heated by human activity

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22
Q

Groundwater (store)?

A

The water held below the surface of land

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23
Q

Groundwater flow?

A

The movement of water below the surface

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24
Q

Hard engineering?

A

High cost man made structures to prevent river flooding/coastal erosion

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25
Q

Heat capacity?

A

The time and amount that land or sea takes to heat up and cool down. Sea takes longer to heat up and cool down than land and so never gets as hot or as cold.

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26
Q

Hold the line?

A

A costly management option intended to stop any further coastal erosion using a combination of hard and soft engineering

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27
Q

High pressure?

A

Air is sinking and particles are close together. This means they warm up and moisture evaporates creating clear skies.

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28
Q

Hurricane?

A

A tropical storm formed in the Atlantic ocean

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29
Q

Hydraulic action?

A

Process of erosion where the force of water enters cracks and exerts pressure on pockets of air, causing rock to break apart

30
Q

Hydraulic cycle?

A

The term given to describe the continuous transfer and storage of water between the worlds ocean, atmosphere and earths surface before it returns back to the oceans.

31
Q

Hydrograph?

A

A graph showing the rate of water discharge in a river

32
Q

Infiltration?

A

The process of water entering the soil

33
Q

Impermeable?

A

Rocks that don’t allow water to pass through them (watertight)

34
Q

Interception?

A

The interruption of transfer, of rainfall by vegetation

35
Q

Isobars?

A

Lines joining areas of equal pressure. If close together, there will be strong winds.

36
Q

Landform?

A

A distinctive feature on the lands surface, created by natural processes

37
Q

Lag time?

A

The length of time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge

38
Q

Latitude?

A

Distance north or south of the equator

39
Q

Load?

A

Material carried by a river

40
Q

Low pressure?

A

Air particles are rising up and are far apart. This means they will cool down and water vapour will condense.

41
Q

Nimbo-stratus clouds?

A

Low, uniform rain clouds created at a warm front

42
Q

North Atlantic drift?

A

A warm ocean current that brings the SW of the UK warmer water

43
Q

Managed retreat/realignment?

A

A coastal management option where the sea naturally floods land on the coat and restores natural ecosystems like salt marshes

44
Q

Maritime?

A

Surrounded by the sea

45
Q

Ocean currents?

A

The circulation of warm water from the equator both and cold water from the poles south.

46
Q

Over grazing?

A

When livestock is allowed to eat too much vegetation

47
Q

Percolation?

A

The gradual seepage of water down through the soil and rocks

48
Q

Permeable?

A

Surfaces that allow water to enter

49
Q

Porous rocks?

A

These rocks are able to hold water in pore spaces e.g. chalk

50
Q

Precipitation?

A

Any water that is released from cloud including rain, sleet, snow and hail

51
Q

Prevailing winds?

A

The most common wind direction for a place

52
Q

Relief?

A

The shape of the earths land surface

53
Q

Relief rain?

A

Rainfall caused by air having to rise over mountains, cool down and condense

54
Q

Rock bunds?

A

Handmade rock dams built along contour lines to prevent soil erosion and maintain soil moisture

55
Q

Saltation?

A

The transportation of bedload by jumping along the bottom of the river channel

56
Q

Saturated?

A

Full of water

57
Q

Soft engineering?

A

Working with nature to prevent erosion and river flooding

58
Q

Solution?

A

This is an erosional process and a transportation process. Chemicals dissolve rock and then transport them in solution.

59
Q

Surface run off?

A

The movement of water over the land surface

60
Q

Suspension?

A

Material carried in suspension in the water

61
Q

Temperate?

A

Climate which is half way between the equator and the poles

62
Q

Throughflow?

A

The movement of water through the soil, usually laterally

63
Q

Traction?

A

Transportation of bedload by rolling along the bottom of a river channel

64
Q

Trade winds?

A

Winds that meet at the equator and rise up when heated by the sun

65
Q

Transpiration?

A

The loss of moisture by plants through their stomata, transferred to the atompshere

66
Q

Transportation?

A

When matter is carried along

67
Q

Tributary?

A

A small river or stream that drains into a larger one

68
Q

Tropical storm?

A

A weather even characterised by strong winds, low pressure and storm surges

69
Q

Typhoon?

A

A tropical storm formed in the Pacific ocean?

70
Q

Watershed?

A

The boundary between 2 drainage basins

71
Q

Weather?

A

The short term, daily conditions of the atmosphere

72
Q

Bedload?

A

A larger sediment carried by a river in a high flow conditions by saltation and traction

Geography (13 decks)

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