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202 Neuroscience & Behaviour > Theme 1A - Neuro Anatomy > Flashcards

Theme 1A - Neuro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

label the cerebellum 4

A

Vermis
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

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2
Q

label the basal ganglia 4

A

Head of caudate
Body of caudate
Tail of caudate
Lentiform nucleus

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3
Q

3 main functions of cerebellum

A

Control of posture
Coordinating and planning limb movements
Control of eye movements

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4
Q

What makes up the scalp and what innervates it?

A 
Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranuim
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5
Q

3 layers on meninges

A

Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater and what do they line?

A

Meningeal - brain and spinal cord

Enosteal - skull

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7
Q

Blood supply and innervation to dura mater

A

CN V, X

MMA

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8
Q

The meningeal layer of the dura mater divides the brain what are these and what do they divide?

A

falx cerebri – separates cerebral hemispheres

tentorium cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres

falx cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres

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9
Q

What type of haetoma is damage to the MMA likely to cause?

A

Extradural

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10
Q

Leptomeningitis is an infection and inflammation of what meninges?

A

Arachnoid and pia

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11
Q

Where do the dural sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

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12
Q

What two main arteries supply the brain?

A

Internal Carotid

Vertebral

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13
Q

Label the circle of Willis 6

A 
Anterior communicating artery
an. cerebral artery
Internal carotid artery
posterior communicating artery
posterior cerebral artery
basilar artery
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14
Q

Which cerebral areas supply which area of the brain?

A

The anterior cerebral supplying the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole.

The middle cerebral supplying the lateral surfaces and temporal pole

The posterior cerebral supplying the inferior surfaces and occipital pole.

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15
Q

What are the three major projection in the nasal cavity and what is their function?

A

Sup, Mid and Inferior conchae

Warm and moisten the air

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16
Q

Label the bones of the orbit

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Pallatine
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A

Outer - fibrous sclera and cornea
Vascular - iris
Inner - retina

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18
Q

Label the extra occular muscles and their associated movements

A 
Sup rectus
Inf rectus
Lat rectus
Med rectus
Inf oblique 
Sup oblique
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19
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves associated with the eyes and what do they do?

A

II - Optic
III - Occulomotor (except lateral and sup oblique)
IV - trochelar - sup oblique
VI - Abducents - lateral rectus

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20
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with crying?

A

CN VII facial

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21
Q 
Draw and label
occiptofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Platysma
Zygomaticus major
A

See grays 904

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22
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation and motor supply to facial muscles

A

V - trigeminal is cutaneous

VII - facial is motor

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23
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - Opthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

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24
Q

What are the motor branches of CN VII facial? Draw them

A 
Posterior auricular,
temporal
Zygomatic
buccal
Marginal mandibular
cervical
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25
Q

Other than motor function what else does VII facial nerve supply?

A

anterior 2/3 taste on tongue

Parasympathetic branch to pterygopalatine ganglion

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26
Q

Via what does CN VII facial travel to supply tongue?

A

chorda tympani

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27
Q

What are the 3 saliivary glands in the head and what is the largest?

A

Parotid - largest
submandibular
sublingual

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28
Q

Where does the paarotid gland lie in relation to muscle?

A

Superficial to muscle

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29
Q

What nerves and vessels pass through the parotid gland?

A

External carotid artery
The retromandibular vein
Facial nerve

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30
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication and what supplies them?

A 
Temproalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid- 
Lateral Pterygoid- 
Motor branch of V3
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31
Q

What are the 3 branches of the opthalmic nerve?

A

Lacrimal
nasocillary
frontal

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32
Q

What are the 3 branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Infraorbital
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal

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33
Q

5 sensory branches of mandibular nerve?

A 
auriculotemporal
buccal
mental
lingual
inferior alveolar
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34
Q

What 2 things does the temporal fossa contain?

A

temporalis muscle

, branches of V2

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35
Q

What 3 nerves are contained in the infratemporal fossa?

A

, V3,
branches of facial nerve,
glossopharyngeal nerve

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36
Q

Label the arterial supply to the face (5)

A 
External carotid
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
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37
Q

Label the venous drainage to of the face

A

Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
facial vein
superficial temporal vein

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38
Q

5 muscles of the tongue?

A 
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Platoglossus
Intrinsic
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39
Q

What movements do these muscles of the tongue perfom?

A

Genioglossus - protrudes and depresses
Hyoglossus - depresses
Styloglossus - retracts
Platoglossus - elevates back and depresses palate

40
Q

Label the muscles of the tongue

A

Genio
Hyo
Stylo
Plato

41
Q

What nerves supply taste sensation to the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 (oral) supplied by lingual (V3) which then goes via chorda tympani to facial nerve VII
Posterior 1/3 by glossopharangel nerve IX

42
Q

What supplies sensation to the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 - lingual nerve V3

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharangeal IX

43
Q

What is the motor supply to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal XII

Except platoglossus X

44
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A 
Opthalmic
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent 
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
glossopharangeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
45
Q

What nerves are associated with salivation?

A

IX glossopharangeal - parotid gland

VII facial - all other salivary glands

46
Q

a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation best describes what organ?

A

Larynx

47
Q

What 5 cartilages make up the larynx?

A 
hyroid, 
cricoid, 
arytenoid, 
cuneiform, 
corniculate
epiglottis.
48
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharnyx?

A

Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx

49
Q

Two functions of neck fascia?

A

Important as reduces the spread of infection

Enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing etc.

50
Q

Draw and label the 4 types of fascia in the neck

A

Pretracheal
Carotid sheath
Investing
Prevertebral

51
Q

3 things contained within the carotid sheath?

A 
Common and internal carotid arteries. 
Internal jugular vein. 
Vagus nerve (CN 10).
52
Q

What divides the anterior and lateral compartments of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

53
Q

What are the triangles of the anterior compartment of the neck?

A 
the unpaired submental triangle, 
the paired 
submandibular,
 carotid 
and muscular triangle.
54
Q

Label the anterior triangles of the neck

A 
the unpaired submental triangle, 
the paired 
submandibular,
 carotid 
and muscular triangle.
55
Q

Label the muscles that border the triangles in the neck

A

Trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
Omohyoid
Digastric

56
Q

Draw the triangles in the lateral compartment of the neck

A

Occipital triangle

omoclavicular triangle

57
Q

3 Key structures within submandibular triangle

A

submandibular gland,
facial artery
and vein.

58
Q

5 Key structures within the carotid triangle

A 
common carotid artery, 
IJV,
 hypoglossal nerve, 
vagus nerve, 
accessory nerve.
59
Q

What 2 muscle groups are contained within the muscular triangle?

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid muscles

60
Q

What 4 muscles make up the syprahyoid muscles?

A

Stylohyoid,
digastric,
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

61
Q

Label 4 the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
sternohyoid,
thyrohyoid,
sternothyroid

62
Q

What 3 muscles bound the posterior triangle?

A

Trapezius
Omohyoid
Sternocleinomastoid

63
Q

5 key structures within posterior triangle?

A 
subclavian artery,
 EJV,
 brachial plexus, 
CN 11,
 cervical plexus
64
Q

6 branches of external carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
maxillary
superficial temporal
65
Q

2 muscles supplied by the accessory nerve

A

Trapeius

SCM

66
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

67
Q

What attaches the cauda equina to the sacrum?

A

Terminal filum

68
Q

What is the significance of the cervical and lumbrosacral enlargements?

A

Innervation to upper and lower limbs

69
Q

What are the inner and outer core of spinal cord made up of?

A

Inner core - grey matter

Outer core - white matter

70
Q

What are the different horns of the spinal cord?

A

Doresal
Lateral - thoracic only
Ventral

71
Q

What do the different horns in the spinal coed do?

A

Dorsal - sensory
Lateral - sympathetic (thoracic only)
Ventral - motor

72
Q

Where in the spinal cord are the lateral horns of the inner core located?

A

Thoracic region only

73
Q

How are the white matter tracts organised in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal - ascending
Lateral - both
Ventral - decending

74
Q

What are the three neurons that make up the ascending white matter tract in the spinal cord?

A

1st order
2nd order
3rd order

75
Q

What do the three orders of neurons in the ascending spinal tract do?

A

1st - sensory r spinal cord via dorsal root ganglion
2nd - ascends spinal cord/brainstem
3rd - projects to the cerebral cortex

76
Q

What type of information is conveyed in the dorsal medial lemniscus pathway?

A

Fine touch and proprioception

77
Q

On what side of the dorsal column do the first order neurons ascend and do they cross?

A

Same side as they entered

Uncrossed

78
Q

Were do first order neurons of the dorsal medial lemniscus pathway synapse on second order neurons?

A

Medulla

79
Q

What are the two divisions of the ascending tracts in the spinal cord and where do they terminate?

A

Fasciculus gracilis in nucleus gracilis

Fasciculus cuneatus in nucleus cuneatus

80
Q

The nucleus gracilis and cuneatus contain information from where?

A

gracilis - lower limb

cuneatus - upper limb

81
Q

Where do second order neurons go from/to in dorsal-medial lemiscius pathway?

A

nucleus gracilis and cuneatus
corss in the medulla
synapse with third order neurons in the thalamus

82
Q

Where do third order neurons go from/to?

A

Thalamus to somatosensory cortex

83
Q

What type of information is relayed by the spinothalamic tract?

A

Pain
Temperature
Crude touch

84
Q

Where do first order neurons of the spinalthalmic tract synapse and what do they form?

A

Dorsal horn

Tract of Lasseaur

85
Q

Where do second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract cross and what do they ascend via and go to|||||

A

Cross in the dorsal horn at each level
Ascend via anterolateral column
Go to thalamus

86
Q

What information is relayed by the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Unconscious muscle proprioception

87
Q

How many neurons make up the spinocerebellar tract and do they cross?

A

2 neurons only

remain uncrossed

88
Q

Where do first order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract synapse?

A

dorsal horn

89
Q

In what column do second order neurons of the spinocerebellar tract ascend?

A

lateral column

90
Q

What type of information is relayed by the descending corticospinal tract?

A

Voluntary motor

91
Q

What neurons make up the corticospinal tract and where do they synapse?

A

Primary motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
synapse in ventral

92
Q

The Pyramidial tract forms part of what tract?

A

Corticospinal tract

93
Q

5 stages of the pyramidial tract

A 
Primary motor cortex
Cerebral pundicle
Pons 
pyramids of medulla
lateral/anterior corticospinal tract
94
Q

What percentage of the primary motor neurons cross over and where?

A

80% cross in Pyramids of deccussation in medulla

95
Q

In what tracts do the primary motor neurons descend?

A

80% lateral corticospinal tract

20% anterior corticospional tract

202 Neuroscience & Behaviour (5 decks)

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