Theme 1: Population Dynamics (1.1) Flashcards
Demographers (definition)
people who study human populations
Graph standard words
- increasing
- decreasing
- fluctuating
- exponential/rapid increase/decrease
- constant
- gradual increase/decrease
REASONS FOR RAPID INCREASE IN WORLD’S POPULATION
-
Population growth (definition)
an increase in the number of people in a population
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT -1
- population growth rates started rising exponentially
- AS a result of agricultural and industrial revolutions
- BROUGHT about by technological advancements
- IN North America and Europe
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -2
- NEW agricultural machinery
- LED to greater crop yields
- AND the need for more/less workers
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -3
- means carrying capacity of land is improved
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -4
CARRYING CAPACITY:
largest population that the resources of a given environment can support
(with the same land , more crops can now be grown or harvested)
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -5
- with lesser workers,
- many people then moved from rural to urban areas
- to work in factories
- where new machinery is allowed for mass production (manufacturing)
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -6
- as people started to produce more food and goods
- people became more healthy
- and enjoyed more free time with paid leave
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -7
- countries became more economically developed
- and so people started to have more children
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -8
families with more than 10 children were common in the 1800s
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -9
- then technological advancements
- in the provision of:
- healthcare
- sanitation
- water supplies
- further encouraged higher birth rates and falling death rates
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -10
- so countries started to experience
- a tremendously rapid population growth
- known as population explosion
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -11
- the highest population growth rate was in the 1960s
- while population is still growing,
- the rate is slowing down,
- from 2.4% in the mid 1960s
- to 1.2% in 2016
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs -1
- Improved knowledge about nutrition
- has greatly increased the survival rate of people.
- When young children get enough of
- the right kinds of food,
- they are likely to live to be adults.
- This means that peoples’ life expectancy will be higher.
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -2
life expectancy: DEFINITION
- the number of years that a person is expected to live
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -3
knowledge and use of vaccinations
- Vaccines help to protect people from infectious diseases
- Use of that knowledge has reduced
- the rate of diseases like:
- tuberculosis
- smallpox
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -4
improvement in infrastructure and promotion of better public health
- Sewage dumped into a public water supply
- could cause a spread of diseases
- throughout the community.
- Public health measures like:
- proper sewage disposal
- wastewater treatment - help to protect public health.
- Improperly operated incineration plants and landfills
- cause pollution and
- attract insects and rodents that spread diseases.
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -5
development of new medicines
- Medical science has invented a whole range of new medicines
- with which to treat everything from infections to pneumonia.
- All these contribute to lowering death rates.
- To improve people’s health and raise life expectancy:
- availability of pubic health infrastructure, public awareness and medical advancement need to work hand in hand
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -6
- With these developments,
- energy, food, water and medical care
- became more available and reliable.
- These factors then led to an increase in life expectancy.
- So, with high birth rates and falling death rates,
- world population began to grow.
THE CAUSES OF A CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE
.
Birth rate (definition)
the number of births per thousand population in a year
Birth rate (eg)
birth rate of 20/100: average of 20 births occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country
Death rate (definition)
number of deaths per thousand population in a year
Death rate (eg)
death rate of 50/100:
average of 50 deaths occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country
Rates of natural change (definition)
difference between the birth rate and death rate
natural increase
if birth rate>death rate
natural decrease
if birth rate<death rate
rate of net migration:
*
immigration rate (definition)
the number of immigrants per thousand population entering a receiving country in a year
emigration rate (definition)
the number of emigrants per thousand population leaving a country of origin in a year
so the rate of net migration (definition)
the difference between the rates of immigration and emigration
rate of net migration
- if birth rate exceeds death rate,
- total population size will still increase
- for as long as this natural increase is not offset by losses due to migration
