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IGCSE Geography > Theme 1: Population Dynamics (1.1) > Flashcards

Theme 1: Population Dynamics (1.1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Demographers (definition)

A

people who study human populations

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2
Q

Graph standard words

A
  • increasing
  • decreasing
  • fluctuating
  • exponential/rapid increase/decrease
  • constant
  • gradual increase/decrease
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3
Q

REASONS FOR RAPID INCREASE IN WORLD’S POPULATION

A

-

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4
Q

Population growth (definition)

A

an increase in the number of people in a population

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5
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT -1
A
  • population growth rates started rising exponentially
  • AS a result of agricultural and industrial revolutions
  • BROUGHT about by technological advancements
  • IN North America and Europe
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6
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -2
A
  • NEW agricultural machinery
  • LED to greater crop yields
  • AND the need for more/less workers
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7
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -3
A
  • means carrying capacity of land is improved
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8
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -4
A

CARRYING CAPACITY:
largest population that the resources of a given environment can support
(with the same land , more crops can now be grown or harvested)

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9
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -5
A
  • with lesser workers,
  • many people then moved from rural to urban areas
  • to work in factories
  • where new machinery is allowed for mass production (manufacturing)
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10
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -6
A
  • as people started to produce more food and goods
  • people became more healthy
  • and enjoyed more free time with paid leave
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11
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -7
A
  • countries became more economically developed
  • and so people started to have more children
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12
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -8
A

families with more than 10 children were common in the 1800s

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12
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -9
A
  • then technological advancements
  • in the provision of:
    • healthcare
    • sanitation
    • water supplies
  • further encouraged higher birth rates and falling death rates
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13
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -10
A
  • so countries started to experience
  • a tremendously rapid population growth
  • known as population explosion
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14
Q
  1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -11
A
  • the highest population growth rate was in the 1960s
  • while population is still growing,
  • the rate is slowing down,
  • from 2.4% in the mid 1960s
  • to 1.2% in 2016
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15
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs -1
A
  • Improved knowledge about nutrition
  • has greatly increased the survival rate of people.
  • When young children get enough of
  • the right kinds of food,
  • they are likely to live to be adults.
  • This means that peoples’ life expectancy will be higher.
16
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -2
A

life expectancy: DEFINITION

  • the number of years that a person is expected to live
17
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -3
A

knowledge and use of vaccinations

  • Vaccines help to protect people from infectious diseases
  • Use of that knowledge has reduced
  • the rate of diseases like:
    - tuberculosis
    - smallpox
18
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -4
A

improvement in infrastructure and promotion of better public health

  • Sewage dumped into a public water supply
  • could cause a spread of diseases
  • throughout the community.
  • Public health measures like:
    - proper sewage disposal
    - wastewater treatment
  • help to protect public health.
  • Improperly operated incineration plants and landfills
  • cause pollution and
  • attract insects and rodents that spread diseases.
19
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -5
A

development of new medicines

  • Medical science has invented a whole range of new medicines
  • with which to treat everything from infections to pneumonia.
  • All these contribute to lowering death rates.
  • To improve people’s health and raise life expectancy:
  • availability of pubic health infrastructure, public awareness and medical advancement need to work hand in hand
20
Q
  1. Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -6
A
  • With these developments,
  • energy, food, water and medical care
  • became more available and reliable.
  • These factors then led to an increase in life expectancy.
  • So, with high birth rates and falling death rates,
  • world population began to grow.
21
Q

THE CAUSES OF A CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE

A

.

22
Q

Birth rate (definition)

A

the number of births per thousand population in a year

23
Q

Birth rate (eg)

A

birth rate of 20/100: average of 20 births occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country

24
Q

Death rate (definition)

A

number of deaths per thousand population in a year

25
Q

Death rate (eg)

A

death rate of 50/100:
average of 50 deaths occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country

26
Q

Rates of natural change (definition)

A

difference between the birth rate and death rate

27
Q

natural increase

A

if birth rate>death rate

28
Q

natural decrease

A

if birth rate<death rate

29
Q

rate of net migration:

A

*

30
Q

immigration rate (definition)

A

the number of immigrants per thousand population entering a receiving country in a year

31
Q

emigration rate (definition)

A

the number of emigrants per thousand population leaving a country of origin in a year

32
Q

so the rate of net migration (definition)

A

the difference between the rates of immigration and emigration

32
Q

rate of net migration

A
  • if birth rate exceeds death rate,
  • total population size will still increase
  • for as long as this natural increase is not offset by losses due to migration

IGCSE Geography (1 decks)

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