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Module 202: Fundamental neuroscience and the brain > Theme 1: Lecture 2 - The skull and cranial cavity > Flashcards

Theme 1: Lecture 2 - The skull and cranial cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the tissues covering the skull starting from the most superficial

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum of the skull

Spells SCALP

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2
Q

Which layer of the scalp contains the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp

A

Dense connective tissue

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3
Q

Why do lacerations to the scalp bleed profusely

A

The dense connective tissue layer is unable to retract to its original position so the blood vessels remain open

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4
Q

Name the 2 parts of the skull

A

Neurocranium and Viscerocranium

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5
Q

What is the neurocranium

A

Bones surrounding the brain

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6
Q

What is the viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton

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7
Q

At what age do the bones of the skull join at sutures

A

5 years

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8
Q

Before the age of 5, what are the cartilaginous structures connecting the bones of the skull called

A

Fontanelles

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9
Q

Name the bones of the neurocranium

A 
Parietal 
Occipital
Frontal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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10
Q

Name the bones of the viscercranium

A 
Nasal 
Lacrimal 
Vomer
Maxilla
Zygoma
Inferior Concha 
Mandible 
Palatine
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11
Q

What is the pterion

A

Region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join together. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple.

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12
Q

Where is the Middle Meningeal Artery located

A

Deep to the pterion

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13
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

Build up of CSF in the skull

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14
Q

What is a foramina

A

A small hole

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15
Q

What is the function of cranial foramina

A

It’s a site of entry and exit into the skull

  • Veins and cranial nerves exit
  • Arteries enter
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16
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory

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17
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic

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18
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Oculomotor

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19
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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20
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal

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21
Q

What are the 3 divisions of cranial nerve V

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

22
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

23
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

24
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

25
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

26
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus

27
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

Accessory

28
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

29
Q

Name the 11 cranial foramina

A 
Cribriform plate 
Optic canal 
Superior orbital fissure 
Rotundum
Ovale
Spinosum 
Lacerum 
Internal acoustic meatus 
Jugular foramen 
Hypoglossal canal 
Magnum
30
Q

What goes through the cribriform plate

A

CN 1

31
Q

What goes through the optic canal

A

CN 2 and Ophthalmic artery

32
Q

What goes through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3, 4, 6, 5 (opthalmic)

33
Q

What goes through the rotundum

A

CN 5 (Maxillary)

34
Q

What goes through the ovale

A

CN5 (Mandibular), Accessory middle meningeal artery

35
Q

What goes through the spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

36
Q

What goes through the lacerum

A

Carotid artery (doesn’t really go through, just sits over it)

37
Q

What goes through the Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN 7, 8

38
Q

What goes through the Jugular foramen

A

CN 9, 10, 11, Internal jugular vein

39
Q

What goes through the Hypoglossal canal

A

CN 12

40
Q

What goes through the Magnum

A

Spinal cord

41
Q

What are the two main arteries that supply the brain

A

Internal carotid artery

Vertebral artery

42
Q

Which arteries anastomose to form the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

A

2 Internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

43
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull

A

Foramen magnum

44
Q

Which artery do the vertebral arteries unite to form

A

Basilar artery

45
Q

Where is the common carotid located

A

Deep to the sternocleiomastoid

46
Q

What does the internal carotid supply

A

The brain

47
Q

What does the external carotid supply

A

The face

48
Q

Which arteries does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

49
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply

A

Medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole

50
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply

A

Lateral surfaces and temporal pole

51
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A

Inferior surfaces and occipital pole

52
Q

Describe how strokes are caused

A

-They are caused by an embolism in a cerebral artery
-There are no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once within the brain so no way to avoid ischaemia
Therefore there is a neurological deficit

Module 202: Fundamental neuroscience and the brain (2 decks)

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