Theme 1: Lecture 2 - The skull and cranial cavity Flashcards
Name the tissues covering the skull starting from the most superficial
Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle Loose connective tissue Periosteum of the skull
Spells SCALP
Which layer of the scalp contains the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp
Dense connective tissue
Why do lacerations to the scalp bleed profusely
The dense connective tissue layer is unable to retract to its original position so the blood vessels remain open
Name the 2 parts of the skull
Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
What is the neurocranium
Bones surrounding the brain
What is the viscerocranium
Facial skeleton
At what age do the bones of the skull join at sutures
5 years
Before the age of 5, what are the cartilaginous structures connecting the bones of the skull called
Fontanelles
Name the bones of the neurocranium
Parietal Occipital Frontal Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid
Name the bones of the viscercranium
Nasal Lacrimal Vomer Maxilla Zygoma Inferior Concha Mandible Palatine
What is the pterion
Region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join together. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple.
Where is the Middle Meningeal Artery located
Deep to the pterion
What is hydrocephalus
Build up of CSF in the skull
What is a foramina
A small hole
What is the function of cranial foramina
It’s a site of entry and exit into the skull
- Veins and cranial nerves exit
- Arteries enter
Cranial nerve I
Olfactory
Cranial nerve II
Optic
Cranial nerve III
Oculomotor
Cranial nerve IV
Trochlear
Cranial nerve V
Trigeminal
What are the 3 divisions of cranial nerve V
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Cranial nerve VI
Abducens
Cranial nerve VII
Facial
Cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear
Cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve X
Vagus
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory
Cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossal
Name the 11 cranial foramina
Cribriform plate Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Rotundum Ovale Spinosum Lacerum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Magnum
What goes through the cribriform plate
CN 1
What goes through the optic canal
CN 2 and Ophthalmic artery
What goes through the superior orbital fissure
CN 3, 4, 6, 5 (opthalmic)
What goes through the rotundum
CN 5 (Maxillary)
What goes through the ovale
CN5 (Mandibular), Accessory middle meningeal artery
What goes through the spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
What goes through the lacerum
Carotid artery (doesn’t really go through, just sits over it)
What goes through the Internal acoustic meatus
CN 7, 8
What goes through the Jugular foramen
CN 9, 10, 11, Internal jugular vein
What goes through the Hypoglossal canal
CN 12
What goes through the Magnum
Spinal cord
What are the two main arteries that supply the brain
Internal carotid artery
Vertebral artery
Which arteries anastomose to form the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
2 Internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull
Foramen magnum
Which artery do the vertebral arteries unite to form
Basilar artery
Where is the common carotid located
Deep to the sternocleiomastoid
What does the internal carotid supply
The brain
What does the external carotid supply
The face
Which arteries does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply
Medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
What does the middle cerebral artery supply
Lateral surfaces and temporal pole
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply
Inferior surfaces and occipital pole
Describe how strokes are caused
-They are caused by an embolism in a cerebral artery
-There are no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once within the brain so no way to avoid ischaemia
Therefore there is a neurological deficit
