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Geography eduqas B WJEC > theme 1 distinctive landscapes > Flashcards

theme 1 distinctive landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the longest and second longest river in the uk?

A

The River Severn is the longest river in the UK (354km), followed by the River Thames (346km).

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2
Q

Where is most upland are located in the uk?

A 
Scottish highlands (north scotland)
Lake District (N england)
Pennines  (NW england)
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3
Q

Upland areas are often?

A 
rugged 
steep relief (difficult for growing crops) weathered rocks
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4
Q

Popular activities in upland are exapmle?

A

Cumbria, lake district:

  • sheep farming
  • tourism
  • paper making
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5
Q

Where are the lowland areas of the uk?

A
  • South

- east

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6
Q

Example of city in lowland?

A
  • Norwich, east anglia

- london south east

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7
Q

What are lowland areas used for in the uk?

Why are they used for this?

A

Farming

very fertile soil, releif very gentle

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8
Q

Strong agricultural industries in east anglia?

A

Cattle farming

carrot growing

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9
Q

Largest cities in UK?

A
  • London 9.3 million

- birmingham 1.2million

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10
Q

Where are largest cities often found?

A

Lowland, close to water source

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11
Q

Examples of cities on rivers?

A

London, thames
liverpool/manchester, mersey
cardiff/gloucester/bristol, severn

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12
Q

Uk’s main rock types?

A

Igneous/sedimantary/metamorphic

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13
Q

Metamorphic rocks?

A

Heat+pressure >
change shape rocks >
harder + compact

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14
Q

Where are metamorphic rocks found in the UK?

Example?

A

Large bands, scotland/NI/wales

slate

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15
Q

Igneous rocks?

A

Mantle>magma rises>cools

hard

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16
Q

Where are igneous rocks found in the UK?

Example?

A

Scotland/NI/NW wales/N england

granite

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17
Q

Sedimentary rocks?

A

Layers sediment>time>compacted

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18
Q

Sedimentary rocks are found in?

A

Chalk/clay south-east

limestone North/west

19
Q

3 uplands of wales?

A
  • Snowdonia (NW)
  • brecon beacons (S)
  • cambrian mountains(central-west)
20
Q

2 longest rivers in wales?

A

Severn
wye
(both sources cambrian mountains)

21
Q

Valleys and lowlands in wales?

A

Large valleys slope down from lowlands
lowland, coastal, beaches flatter
coastal, more fertile land

22
Q

Shaping uplands in wales?

A

Sheep, easy to farm, mostly grassland
low woodland coverage
agricultural/forestry industries, reduce biodiversity

23
Q

Shaping valleys and coasts in wales?

A

Valleys>Mining, large scale excavations

coastal,>high population, urban

24
Q

What is snowdonia?

A

Snowdonia, national park NW wales

25
Q

Highest point in snowdonia?

A

Mt. snowdon (+1085m)

26
Q

How have you shaped valleys formed in snowdon?

A

Glacier>
widen+deepen valley>
U-shaped glacial trough

27
Q

What is Arête ?

A

a narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys

28
Q

How have frost shattered rocks formed in snowdonia?

A

Winter>

freeze-thaw weathering

29
Q

Rhododendron?

A

Fast growing plant>
poisonus to local species>
large empty areas

30
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

number of people or the amount of activity that an area can absorb without the area being damaged.

31
Q

Why may carrying capacity values be wrong?

A

The people measuring carrying capacity may work for tourist offices and be biased to encourage more tourism

32
Q

What is a honey pot site?

A

Honey pots are areas of intense tourist activity

33
Q

Main honey pot sites in snowdon?

A

Mt. Snowdon

Blaneau ffestiniog

34
Q

What can honey pot sites lead to?

A

busy areas
traffic congestion
footpath erosion

35
Q

Stategies to manage honeypot sites?

A
  • Limit visitor numbers
  • manage footpath erosion
  • protect wildlife and farmland
  • manage traffic congestion
36
Q

How can footpath erosion be managed?

A
  • hardwearing construction materials, stone
  • signposts
  • re-seed vegetation around paths
  • raised footpaths
37
Q

How can wildlife and farmland be protected?

A
  • More bins

- litter fines

38
Q

How can traffic congestion be managed?

A
  • Encourage public transport use
  • increase bus services during peak season
  • encourage eco friendly transport, bikes
39
Q

What is erosion?

4 processes of erosion?

A

Erosion, wearing away of rocks with movement

  • abrasion
  • attrition
  • solution
  • hydraulic action
40
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Abrasion is where pieces of rock are picked up by the river or sea water and hit against the bed or the banks. This wears them away.

41
Q

What is attrition?

A

Attrition is where pieces of bedload (material carried by a river or seawater) are hit against one another. This causes them to break apart and become smaller and more rounded.

42
Q

What is solution?

A

Solution is where soluble rocks are dissolved by the water in the river or sea (limestone and chalk in particular). They are carried along with the river or sea.

43
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Hydraulic action is where the force of the water hits against the river or sea bed and banks and causes the rock to break off.

Geography eduqas B WJEC (3 decks)

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