theme 1 distinctive landscapes Flashcards
What is the longest and second longest river in the uk?
The River Severn is the longest river in the UK (354km), followed by the River Thames (346km).
Where is most upland are located in the uk?
Scottish highlands (north scotland) Lake District (N england) Pennines (NW england)
Upland areas are often?
rugged steep relief (difficult for growing crops) weathered rocks
Popular activities in upland are exapmle?
Cumbria, lake district:
- sheep farming
- tourism
- paper making
Where are the lowland areas of the uk?
- South
- east
Example of city in lowland?
- Norwich, east anglia
- london south east
What are lowland areas used for in the uk?
Why are they used for this?
Farming
very fertile soil, releif very gentle
Strong agricultural industries in east anglia?
Cattle farming
carrot growing
Largest cities in UK?
- London 9.3 million
- birmingham 1.2million
Where are largest cities often found?
Lowland, close to water source
Examples of cities on rivers?
London, thames
liverpool/manchester, mersey
cardiff/gloucester/bristol, severn
Uk’s main rock types?
Igneous/sedimantary/metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks?
Heat+pressure >
change shape rocks >
harder + compact
Where are metamorphic rocks found in the UK?
Example?
Large bands, scotland/NI/wales
slate
Igneous rocks?
Mantle>magma rises>cools
hard
Where are igneous rocks found in the UK?
Example?
Scotland/NI/NW wales/N england
granite
Sedimentary rocks?
Layers sediment>time>compacted
Sedimentary rocks are found in?
Chalk/clay south-east
limestone North/west
3 uplands of wales?
- Snowdonia (NW)
- brecon beacons (S)
- cambrian mountains(central-west)
2 longest rivers in wales?
Severn
wye
(both sources cambrian mountains)
Valleys and lowlands in wales?
Large valleys slope down from lowlands
lowland, coastal, beaches flatter
coastal, more fertile land
Shaping uplands in wales?
Sheep, easy to farm, mostly grassland
low woodland coverage
agricultural/forestry industries, reduce biodiversity
Shaping valleys and coasts in wales?
Valleys>Mining, large scale excavations
coastal,>high population, urban
What is snowdonia?
Snowdonia, national park NW wales
Highest point in snowdonia?
Mt. snowdon (+1085m)
How have you shaped valleys formed in snowdon?
Glacier>
widen+deepen valley>
U-shaped glacial trough
What is Arête ?
a narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys
How have frost shattered rocks formed in snowdonia?
Winter>
freeze-thaw weathering
Rhododendron?
Fast growing plant>
poisonus to local species>
large empty areas
What is carrying capacity?
number of people or the amount of activity that an area can absorb without the area being damaged.
Why may carrying capacity values be wrong?
The people measuring carrying capacity may work for tourist offices and be biased to encourage more tourism
What is a honey pot site?
Honey pots are areas of intense tourist activity
Main honey pot sites in snowdon?
Mt. Snowdon
Blaneau ffestiniog
What can honey pot sites lead to?
busy areas
traffic congestion
footpath erosion
Stategies to manage honeypot sites?
- Limit visitor numbers
- manage footpath erosion
- protect wildlife and farmland
- manage traffic congestion
How can footpath erosion be managed?
- hardwearing construction materials, stone
- signposts
- re-seed vegetation around paths
- raised footpaths
How can wildlife and farmland be protected?
- More bins
- litter fines
How can traffic congestion be managed?
- Encourage public transport use
- increase bus services during peak season
- encourage eco friendly transport, bikes
What is erosion?
4 processes of erosion?
Erosion, wearing away of rocks with movement
- abrasion
- attrition
- solution
- hydraulic action
What is abrasion?
Abrasion is where pieces of rock are picked up by the river or sea water and hit against the bed or the banks. This wears them away.
What is attrition?
Attrition is where pieces of bedload (material carried by a river or seawater) are hit against one another. This causes them to break apart and become smaller and more rounded.
What is solution?
Solution is where soluble rocks are dissolved by the water in the river or sea (limestone and chalk in particular). They are carried along with the river or sea.
What is hydraulic action?
Hydraulic action is where the force of the water hits against the river or sea bed and banks and causes the rock to break off.
