Theme 1 Changing Physical and Human Landscapes

Question 1

What makes landscapes distinctive?

Answer 1

Landscapes are made up of different physical and human features. How these features combine is what makes a landscape distinctive

Question 2

Upland definition

Answer 2

A landscape that is hilly or mountainous

Question 3

Welsh Upland examples

Answer 3

Brecon Beacons NP, Snowdonia NP

Question 4

Lowland definiton

Answer 4

An area that is lower (closer to sea level) than the land around it

Question 5

Welsh lowland examples

Answer 5

Gwent levels

Question 6

Topography definition

Answer 6

The arrangement of the land and its physical and human features

Question 7

Other landscapes and examples

Answer 7

Coastal landscape- Pembrokeshire NP
River landscape- River Severn

Question 8

Factors that make Welsh landscapes distinctive

Answer 8

• land use
• geology
• vegetation
• people and culture

Question 9

What makes Snowdonia distinctive (consider 4 factors)

Answer 9

• Geology – The mountains have been formed by extensive glaciation, forming deep U-shaped valleys and high mountains e.g. Snowdon
• Land Use – Mostly sheep farming, slate mining and forestry in the past. National Park status – natural environment is preserved – attracts thousands of tourists each year
• Vegetation – Vast array of habitats sustains biodiversity (e.g. marshes, mountains, deciduous forests). Large areas of old deciduous forest
• People and Culture – Welsh language widely spoken, lots of Welsh history – World Heritage Sites

Question 10

Positive impact of visitors on distinctive physical landscapes

Answer 10

Visitors bring benefits to rural economy by spending; aids development of area

Question 11

Negative imp

Question 12

Visitor pressure definition

Answer 12

The increased impact on landscapes resources and services of an area due to tourism

Question 13

Honeypot site definition

Answer 13

A place of special interest, attracts tourists

Question 14

Carrying capacity definition

Answer 14

The maximum population size and environment can sustain
this is likely to be exceeded in honeypot site, posing environmental challenges

Question 15

Positive impact of human activity in Snowdonia

Answer 15

• Investment and tourism industry creates jobs, diversifying, farming economy
• Increasing rural income from high numbers of tourists

Question 16

Negative impact of human activity in Snowdonia

Answer 16

Congestion
footpath erosion
litter
shop is providing essential goods are replaced by souvenir stores in honeypot sites
Welsh speaking community diluted by incoming non Welsh speakers
house prices rising due to increase in second home ownership

Question 17

Ways of managing visitors in distinctive landscapes

Answer 17

Designated footpath, provide access and protect sensitive areas
Clearly marked car parks reduces parking elsewhere

Question 18

Ways of repairing damage and distinctive landscapes?

Answer 18

Footpath is repaired with stone carried by helicopters. Once rebuilt vegetation is replaced (Brecon Beacons)

Question 19

Necessities in managing landscapes

Answer 19

Visitors must be managed
Damage must be repaired

Question 20

Abrasion rivers

Answer 20

Semmens and material carried by the river, hitting the riverbed and banks, wearing them away

Question 21

Hydraulic action rivers

Answer 21

The force of the water hitting the river bed and banks compressing the air in the gaps of the soil and rock, causing material to be broken and washed away

Question 22

Solution rivers

Answer 22

The slightly acidic river water dissolves Chalk and limestone

Question 23

Attrition rivers

Answer 23

Erosion of the river bedload
Stones carried by river, collide and breakdown, becoming rounder and smaller

Question 24

Bedload definition

Answer 24

Material bounced or rolled (transported) along the river bed

Question 25

Solution, transportation rivers

Answer 25

Minerals are dissolved in the water. Low transported in this way is called solute loAd

Question 26

Suspension, transportation rivers

Answer 26

Fine light material is held up and carried with the rivers flow. This is suspension load.

Question 27

Saltation, transportation, definition, rivers, rivers

Answer 27

Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the bed
The load is ultimately lifted and dropped in line with the rise and fall in the waters velocity

Question 28

Traction rivers, transportation

Answer 28

Large rocks and boulders are rolled along the river bed. This load is the Bedload

Question 29

Where does deposition happen?

Answer 29

Lack of rainfall (less water moving through river channel)
Inside of a meander
Mouth 👄 of the river 🏞️

Question 30

V shaped valleys

Answer 30

• upper course of the river
• step Gradient
• river channel is narrow and steep sided
• high vertical erosion
• low lateral erosion
  Vertical erosion and weathering create a v shape

Question 31

Interlocking spurs

Answer 31

Hard resistant rocks that are river cannot easily road. Therefore the river goes around them.

Question 32

Gorge

Answer 32

Steep sided, narrow valley formed by a retreating waterfall

Question 33

What causes waterfall

Answer 33

Water falling from a higher level to a lower level due to a change in the rock structure

Question 34

What happens when a floodplain floods?

Answer 34

The floodplain becomes covered with water as the water is shallower on the land than in the river the water loses energy and silt (alluvium) is deposited

Question 35

3 types of weathering

Answer 35

Physical - freeze thaw 🧊 and salt crystal growth 🧂
Biological - plant roots 🌱 and burrowing animals 🐇
Chemical - carbonation 💦