Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

104 final > Theme 1 anatomy > Flashcards

Theme 1 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

A

Majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Muscular layers

Epithelium at extremities
of tract (cranial and caudal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primitive gut

  • formed by
  • membranes
A

Formed by 2 folds: Cranial-caudal and lateral

Week 4: Cranial and caudal ends closed by bucco-pharyngeal and cloacal membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primitive gut formed by

A

Cranial-caudal and lateral folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gut divisions

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foregut [5]

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal half Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Midgut [6]

A

Distal half duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Asc. + ¾ Transv. Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hindgut [4]

A

¼ Transv. + Desc. + Sigmoid Colon & rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primitive gut held by

A

mesenteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mesenteries [3]

A

Formed by double layer of peritoneum

Dorsal or mesentery

Suspend gut organs

Pathway for blood, innervation, lymphatics to reach gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ventral mesentery [3]

A

Degrades except for foregut

  • ligament around liver
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lesser omentum [2]

A

Attach lesser curvature stomach to back of liver

Free edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal mesentery [5]

A

Attach gut organs to posterior abdominal wall

  • gastrosplenic
  • lienorenal
  • greater omentum
  • mesentery of SI and LI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abdomen [2]

A

Trunk below diaphragm

Abdominopelvic: abdomen proper + greater pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

External abdomen wall [2]

A

Flat abdominal muscle

Lumbar vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

External oblique [4]

A

Outer surface of lower 8 ribs to

  • linea alba
  • iliac crest
  • pubic tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internal oblique [4]

A

Lat 1/3 inguinal ligament and ant 2/3 of iliac crest

to

Linea alba
Costal margin
Crest of pubic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transversus abdominis [4]

A

From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament
int surf lower 6 ribs
iliac crest

To: linea alba
crest of pubic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rectus abdominis [3]

A

From: pubic symphysis + crest
To: xyphoid process
5th-7th costal cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VAN of anterior abdominal wall

A

Arteries: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal,
circumflex iliac

Veins: thoracoepigastric
(between lat thoracic and Sup epigastric)

Nerves: Thoracoabdominal nerves (also thoracic
and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior abdominal wall functions [4]

A

Ext Obl: work with Int Obl for torsional movement of trunk

Int Obl: flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

Transv Abd: compress and support viscera

Rectus Abd: flexes trunk; compress viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inguinal canal passage for [4]

A
  • spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male
    • the round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female

Limited by the superficial and deep inguinal rings (DR)

For both genders the genital nerve (a branch from the genitofemoral) and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spermatic cord consists of [5]

A

vas deferens, gonadal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and the cremaster muscle

23
Q

Spermatic cord passes through the abdominal wall and takes sleeve from [3]

A

transversalis fascia => contributes the innermost covering of the spermatic cord – the internal spermatic fascia

internal oblique => contributes the middle covering layer to the cord – the cremasteric fascia

the external oblique => contributes the outer covering of the cord – the external spermatic fascia

24
Q

Anatomical subdivisions

  • Upper Right & Left
  • Upper Middle
  • Middle Right & Left
  • Lower Right & Left
  • Lower Middle
A
  • Hypochrondriac
  • Epigastric
  • Lumbar
  • Inguinal (iliac)
  • Hypogastric (pubic)
25
Q

Right upper contents [6]

A 
Duodenum 
Gallbladder 
Asc & Transverse colon
Hepatic flexure of colon 
Pancreas head 
R liver lobe
26
Q

Left upper contents [6]

A 
Splenic flexure of colon
Transverse and Desc colon
Stomach
Spleen 
Pancreas body 
L liver lobe
27
Q

Right lower contents [4}

A

Caecum
Appendix
Small intestine
Asc colon

28
Q

Left lower contents {3}

A

Small intestine

Sigmoid and desc colon

29
Q

Oral cavity [5]

A 
Teeth 
Palate - nasal cavity 
Tongue 
Salivary glands 
Pharynx
30
Q

Oesophagus [5]

A 
Pierce diaphragm 
Open to stomach 
25 cm 
Posterior to trachea 
Muscular wall

Gaster
Most dilated of alimentary canal
Between oesophagus and SI
Curvature and surfaces - 2 openings

31
Q

Stomach [8]

A

Gaster
Most dilated of alimentary canal
Between oesophagus and SI
Curvature and surfaces - 2 openings

Cardial and pyloric
Lesser curvature = superior border
Greater curvature = inferior border
Lognitudinal, circular and oblique muscle layers

32
Q

Small intestine [4]

A

Convoluted tube
5m
Pylorus -> ileocaecal junction
3 subdivisions: duodenum, ileum and jejunum

33
Q

Duodenum [3]

A

Retroperitoneal
4 parts: horizontal and superior
Duct (pancreas and gallballder) -> duodenal-jejunal flexure

34
Q

Jejunum/ileum [3]

A

3m
Duodenal-jejunal flexure -> ileocael junction
One attached and one free edge

35
Q

Large intestine [4]

A

1.5m
End ileum to anus
4 parts: Transverse and sigmoid
Asc and desc = retroperitoneal

36
Q

Sup mesenteric branches [4]

A

Middle and right colic
Ileocaecal
Jejunal and ileal branches
Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

37
Q

Inferior mesenteric [4]

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal

Left colic

Sigmoid

Superior rectal

38
Q

Lymphatics - mesenteric

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

Inferior mesenteric nodes

39
Q

Autonomic innervation

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A

Symp: Splanchnic n and symp trunk and ganglia

Parasym: Vagus n and pelvic splanchnic

40
Q

Liver functions [4]

A

detoxification
protein synthesis
production of bile – accessory GI organ
glycogen storage

41
Q

Liver location

A

Located below diaphragm: mostly the right hypochondrium & epigastrium, but extends into left hypochondrium

42
Q

Liver

  • ant view
  • posterior view
  • Peritoneum cover
A

Ant: Left and right
Post: Quadrate and caudate
Bare area - connects with diaphragm
Falciform (ant) and lesser omentum (post)

Porta hepatis - divides the quadrate and caudate lobes

43
Q

Peritoneal folds [4]

A 
Falciform lig: links diaphragm to upper surface liver 
	ligamentum teres (aka round ligament) at lower end

Round lig: obliterated left umbilical vein
extends to umbilicus

Coronary lig: LInk diaphragm to liver

Lesser omentum: Link liver to stomach

44
Q

Falciform lig

A 
links diaphragm to upper surface liver 
	ligamentum teres (aka round ligament) at lower end
45
Q

Round lig

A

obliterated left umbilical vein

extends to umbilicus

46
Q

Coronary lig

A

Link diaphragm to liver

47
Q

Lesser omentum [4]

A

Lesser curvature to porta hepatis

Free margin (ventral mesentery)

Enclose: hep artery, portal vein, bile duct and lymph vessel

Close to stomach and enclose gastric arteries and veins

48
Q

Blood supply to gut [3]

A

Foregut - Coeliac artery and branch
Midgut - superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery

49
Q

Blood supply to liver [4]

A 
Coeliac artery (trunk or axis) 
- Left gastric, splenic and hepatic

T12/L1 level

Also supply duodenum and pancreas

50
Q

Hepatic artery variations

A

right hepatic artery replaced to the SMA

left hepatic artery replaced to the left gastric artery

trifurcation of the common hepatic artery
	right hepatic artery
	left hepatic artery
	gastroduodenal artery (GDA
51
Q

Porta hepatis

A 
Entry / exit point for
		hepatic portal vein
		hepatic artery proper
		common hepatic duct
		nerves and lymphatics
Hilum of liver - visceral surface
52
Q

Liver lobule

A

Branches of hep artery and vein carry blood into sinusoid
+ bile duct = portal triad (corners)

hexagon shaped and contain hepatocytes

53
Q

Hepatocytes [4]

A

Synthesis and release plasma proteins into blood
albumin
clotting factors complement cascade components

Deaminates amino acids – urea into blood

Bilirubin to bile pigment

Bile salts – emulsification of fats

104 final (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions