Theme 1

Question 1

Pre Mao

Answer 1

Empire ended- 1912
Last dynasty- Qing
Lots of culture
Confucianism

Question 2

Civil war 46-49

Answer 2

Nationalists led by Chianti’s Kai-Shek

Communists led by Mao

Question 3

Japan war

Answer 3

CCP and GMD unite

Ends because of Nagasaki and Hiroshima

Question 4

Timeline

Answer 4

46-47 GMD attempt to crush CCP bases in Manchuria
‘47- CCP resistance= more successful
48-49- CCP push GMD out

Question 5

Civil war tactics- GMD fail

Answer 5

bad strategy, damaged supply lines, bad commanders, no peasant support, hyperinflation

Question 6

Civil war tactics- CCP success

Answer 6

Strategy, mao’s control, ability of PLA, popularity

Question 7

Conditions in 1949

Answer 7

80% lived in rural areas
Hyperinflation
No law and order
Economic- unstable economy, no unified currency, relied on agriculture, little modern industry
Agriculture- conscription=unmanned farmland, sabotage by nationalists- blew up fields
Infrastructure- railways and phone lines damaged, cities isolated from rural

Question 8

After civil war

Answer 8

Nationalists fled to Taiwan
Took China’s assets and educated elite
Communists lacked govt knowledge

Question 9

Common programme

Answer 9

All except political reactionaries had human rights
Freedom of speech and stuff
Equal rights for women

Question 10

Structure of government

Answer 10

Chinese people’s political consultative conference- set up September.
Provisional constitution for 5 years
Appointed Central People’s Government- agreed on polices and laws given to it by Politburo
PLA- removed opposition
Regional officers operated in each region
All loyal to Mao
People at top of CCP had leading positions in all 3

Question 11

Reunification campaign- Guangdong

Answer 11

Traditionally nationalist
Opposition by GMD members
28000 executed

Question 12

Reunification campaign- Xinjiang

Answer 12

Muslim Uyghurs controlled it by 1949
All leaders died in plane crash (nationalist)
New leaders agreed to CCP rule- used conquest and negotiation

Question 13

Reunification campaign- Tibet

Answer 13

Had been independent since 1913
PLA invade 1950 took 6 months to conquer the mainly Buddhist area
Said to liberate from imperialism- actually removed religion
Major uprising in 59- defeated and Dalai Lama fled to India

Question 14

Great Terror

Answer 14

Against counter revolutionaries 50-51 brutal and widespread
Korean War- excuse
1-2 million died
Millions sent to labour camps or under surveillance
Forced out western businessmen and missionaries

Question 15

Three antis 1951

Answer 15

Attacked CCP members in official postions
Aim: remove corruption, waste and bureaucracy
Removed those the govt didn’t approve of

Question 16

Five antis 1952

Answer 16

Targeted middle class and private business owners
Aim: remove bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating govt contracts and stealing state economic info

Question 17

Laogai

Answer 17

Inspired by Gulags
Labour camps
1955- more than 1.3 million imprisoned
Rounded up in campaigns
Peak estimated= 10 million inmates in a year

Question 18

Hundred flowers campaign 1956

Answer 18

Feared party was becoming lazy
2nd May 1956- ‘let a hundred flowers bloom’ invited new ideas and policies to advance China and point out mistakes
Intellectuals had been quiet during antis
Reluctant to speak out
Mao renewed call for criticism Feb 57
‘On the correct handling of contradictions among the people’
Intellectuals criticise party and Mao- too far
Resulted in Anti-Rightist campaign
700,000 sent to Laogai others commit suicide

Question 19

Anti Rightist Campaign

Answer 19

Intellectuals abused freedom
Campaign defined ‘poisonous weeds’ broadly- anyone against regime removed
400,000-700,000 sent to Laogai

Question 20

Korean War 1950

Answer 20

400,000 Chinese died 1 million casualties
People unite ‘resist America, aid Korea’
China didn’t lose .: heroes
China couldn’t be exploited
Denounced America
Used to attack opponents within China

Question 21

Impact of Korean War

Answer 21

Interrupted transition to communism
Promoted national unity
China portrayed as standing up to capitalism
Funded by USSR loans .: debt 10 million
Enhanced china’s prestige
Created more security from invasion
USSR relations suffer as they offered no support
First Five Year Plan restricted by war money spent on military