Theatre History Exam Three Notecards Flashcards
1
Q
Group Theatre
A
1931-1941.
- At the American Laboratory Theatre
- Came out of Stanislavsky Techniques
- All students from the biggest theatres came together and became an acting company
- They were all better teachers than actors
- Had big personalities and got in fights
- All about finding the American voice
- Dedicated to realism, but did some stylized productions
- The Group theatre ended of disputes
2
Q
Richard Boleslavsky
A
Founded Group theatre, came from the Moscow Art Theatre, taught Stanislavsky’s methods
3
Q
Maria Ouspenskaya
A
Founded Group theatre, came from the Moscow Art Theatre, taught Stanislavsky’s methods
4
Q
Harold Clurman
A
Member of the Group theatre
5
Q
Cheryl Crawford
A
Member of the group theatre
6
Q
Lee Strasberg
A
Primary director of the group theatre
7
Q
Clifford Odets
A
Wrote “Waiting for Lefty” and “Awake and Sing” (1935), playwright and minor actor in the group theatre, perfect american voice
8
Q
Stella Adler
A
leading actress in the group theatre, more important as acting teacher than actress
9
Q
Morris Carnovsky
A
actor in the group theatre, character actor
10
Q
Robert Lewis
A
Actor in the group theatre
11
Q
Mesiner
A
Actor in the group theatre
12
Q
Elia Kazan
A
Director of streetcar and death of a salesman, actor at the group theatre, gave names up to the house of un-american activity
13
Q
Stanislavsky and Vakhtangov
A
both actors in the group theatre
14
Q
The Actors Studio of 1974
A
created by Kazan and Crawford, branched off of group theatre
15
Q
Who was “Beggar on Horseback” (1924) written by?
A
Kaufman and Connelly, it is a satire of expressionism
16
Q
Who was “Our Town” (1938) written by?
A
Thornton and Wilder, influenced by Japanese form, wanted to translate that into american theatre
17
Q
What are some examples of African American Revues and Musicals?
A
“A trip to Coontown” (1898) and “Shuffle Along” (1921)
18
Q
Who wrote “A Trip to Coontown”?
A
Bob Cole and Billy Johnson
19
Q
Who starred and wrote the lyrics to “shuffle along”?
A
Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle starred in it, Adelaide Hall wrote the lyrics, it has an all black cast
20
Q
Who is Eubie Blake?
A
A famous african american revue actor
21
Q
Who is Josephine Bake?
A
A famous african american actress who tried to be a star in america but didn’t make it, so she went to Paris and became a star
22
Q
What are two famous black revues?
A
“Chocolate Dandies” (1924) and “Blackbirds Revues” (1928+)
23
Q
What is a “Folk Play”
A
Plays written by white playwrights, and performed by black casts
24
Q
What are some examples of “Folk Plays”
A
“In Abraham’s Bosom” (1926) by Paul Green
“Green Pastures” (1930) by Marc Connelly (retelling of the old testement)
“Porgy” (1927) by Dorothy and DuBose Heyward (source play for Porgy and Bess)
25
Who is Rose McCledon
famous black actress, died very young
26
Who is Jack Carter?
Famous black actor, did film, played Porgy
27
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
The acceptance of African American culture into mainstream society
28
Who is Zora Neale Hurston?
Harlem Renaissance playwright. Wrote "Color Struck" (1925) and "Polk County" (1944) (a musical)
29
Who is Langston Hughes?
Harlem Renaissance Playwright. He wrote "Mulatto" (1935)- white producers didn't trust the material so they cut many lines for being "too insensitive to white people, he has to censor his own play, did a production of "Macbeth" set in Haiti, all black cast
30
Who wrote "Tambourines to Glory" and "Mule Bone" together?
Hurston and Langston, but they ended up hating each other
31
Who is Charles Gilpin?
A black actor who performed in "The Emperor Jones" by Eugene O'Neill, the first mixed cast play, he also performed with Uta Hagen in Othello
32
What was "All God's Chilliun Got Wings" an important play?
Paul Robeson and Mary Blair, it had the first mixed race couple
33
Who is Lorraine Hansberry?
She wrote "A Raisin in the Sun" (1959), She used traditional structure/realism, Lloyd Richards directed it, SIdney Poitier and Ruby Dee acted in the first production. She also wrote "The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window" (1965) and "To Be Young and Gifted and Black" (1969)
34
Who are Douglas Turner Ward and Robert Hooks?
They created the Negro Ensemble Company (NEC) (1968-1902)
They had a production of "Day of Absence" (1968) where the black actors wore white face
They also did a production of "The River Niger" (1972)
35
Who is Leroi Jones?
He wrote "Dutchman" (1964) about a woman serial killer who kills black men and he wrote "Slaveship" (1969), He included smells in his production, it occured in the belly of a slave ship, dark
He created the Separationist ideology: the movement to create separate institutions for themselves.
36
Who is Adrienne Kennedy?
Author of "Funnyhouse of a Negro" (1964), used fun house mirrors
"A Movie Star Has to Star in Black and White" (1976)
"Sleep Deprivation Chamber" (1966)
"Ohio State Murders" (1992), woman is raped by white teacher, gets pregnant, children are murderers
Very Avant-garde
Semi-autobiographical, indirectly about own experience
37
Who is Ntozake Shange?
wrote "For colored girls who have considered suicide/ when the rainbow is enuf" (1975)
- the show is a choreopoem, combines poetry and dance
Uses language as you pronounce it, instead of how it is actually spelled
"spell #7" (1979)
Deconstructed black-face minstrelsy
Shows were performed at the public theatre
38
Who is August Wilson?
Wrote the American Cycle, 10 plays for 10 decades in the 20th century.
39
Who is Lloyd Richards?
August Wilson's director until he died
40
Who is Kenny Leon?
director after Lloyd Richards, took the productions from the Yale Rep to Broadway
41
Name some of the plays in the American Cycle, written by August Wilson.
```
"Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" (1984)
"Fences" (1985)
"The Piano Lesson" (1987)
"Gem of the Ocean" (2004)
"Jitney" first play he wrote
"Joe Turner's Come and Gone" (1988(
```
42
Who is George C. Wolfe?
```
Director, Producer, Playwright
Directed NYC's first production of "Angels in America"
wrote "Colored Museum" (1986)
Ran the Public Theatre
He promoted Suzan Lori Parks work
```
43
Who is Suzan-Lori Parks?
playwright, post modern aspects, her plays had no linear progression, not casual
wrote "America Play" (1994) about a relationship between Lincoln and Booth, and the African American experience in the midst of this
she used repetition for the purpose of commentary
Wrote "Venus" (1996) about the abnormality of the body, it was grotesque and erotic, the characters switched off roles
fascinated with The Scarlet Letter, wrote "Fuckin A" and "In the Blood"
Wrote "Topdog/Underdog" (2001) also about booth and Lincoln, with a black Lincoln. Don Cheadle and Jeffery Wright starred in it
She participated in 365 Days/365 plays
Wrote the book for "The Gershwin's Porgy and Bess" (2012)
44
Who is Lynn Nottage?
Wrote "Ruined" (2008) which won her a Pulitzer Prize, deals with the war in Africa, interviewed women war victims
Wrote: "Intimate Apparel" (2003), "Crumbs from the Table of Joy" (1996) and "By the Way, Meet Vera Stark" (2011) (historical examination of African American experience from a woman's point of view), color blind casting
45
How does colonial activity influence the African Theatre
British, French and Italian are visiting (some german, spanish, portuguese as well), creates imitations of colonizer's theatre, africans in blackface, made fun of western forms
46
Describe tribal theatricality
ritual, celebration and story-telling, masks, dance, transformations
47
Describe what happened Post Colonialism
Colonialism alters cultural identity, you could either embrace it or rebel against it, after independence colonialism still persists, hybrids emerge embracing or attacking the colonizing culture, search for a new identity
48
Describe theatre within Egypt, postcolonial
Moslem rule, shadow puppets, the Egyptian National Theatre (1935), a lot of hyrbid theatre occurred in the 1960s until the conflict with Israelis
49
Who is Tewfik Al-Hakim?
intercultural playwright, Egyptian wrote "The Tree Climber" (1962): arabic parables, brecht without alienation effect, modern mystery, inspector tries to figure out what happened to a missing woman and no one helps him. They suddenly stop a storyline and start a new one
50
What is going on in South Africa?
Apartheid (1948-1994), long british touring tradition until Apartheid, no mixed casts or audiences
51
Who are John Kani and Zakes Mokae?
Big south african stars
52
Who is Antol Fugard?
Playwright and actor, wrote plays with mixed races, were not allowed to before.
Wrote "The Blood Knot" (1961), requires black character and colored character
Wrote "Boesman and Lena" (1969), man and woman colored and black
"Master Harold... and the Boys" (1982), two black men who run a tea room for an unseen white woman, relationship between them and her son
53
Who is theatre influenced after apartheid?
everything is mixed cast, use of puppetry
54
Who is John Pepper Clark?
Wrote "Song of a Goat" (1964), modern tragedy
55
Who is Egungan Duro Ladipo?
Created Musical Street Theatre, actor, director and playwright, worked in the Yoruba Opera
wrote: "The King Did Not Hang" (1964)
"Eda" (mixing Yoruba and Everyman)
56
Who is Wole Soyinka?
Wrote: "The Swamp Dwellers" (1958)
Plight of the poor
Conflict with modern western culture
Was imprisoned 1967-1969 (political enemy)
"Madmen and Specialists" (19711) about Insanity of reigning government in Nigeria- directly attacking his government
"The Bacchae of Euripides"(1973)
"Opera Woynosi" (1977)- adaptation of Threepenny Opera
"King Baabu" (2001) Adaptation of Ubu Roi
won the Nobel Prize for literature (1986)
Wrote "Death and the King's Horseman"
57
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
She wrote "A Vindication of the rights of Women" (1792)
58
Name some Women's rights movements
Seneca Falls (1848)
Women’s Suffrage Britain (1918/1928)
Women’s Suffrage, U.S. 19th Amendment (1920)
Property Rights (19th Century)
Divorce Rights (c. 1870+) usually only for adultery, not abuse cf. New York (1967)
Indiana= “Paradise for Free Lovers”
Birth Control; Reproductive Rights (Margaret Sanger) 1914+
Women in the work place
Equal Rights Amendment (1923/1972)
59
What was the Women's Project of 1978?
Developing women playwrights and directors
Anne bogart, maria Irene fornes, paula vogel (playwrights involved)
-Deconstruction
-Anti-Aristotle. Opposition to male models
"Split Britches" (1981) Lesbian politics
Peggy Shaw, Lois Weaver, Deb Margolin (playwrights involved)
"Belle Reprieve" (1991)
"Lesbians Who Kill" (1992)
At the foot of the mountain (1974-1991) MN→ a theatre where they performed
60
Who is Caryl Churchill?
wrote: "Objections to Sex and Violence (1975) Royal Court"
-"Traps" (1979) Royal Court
Continuous surface, but keeps moving- wants to keep you thinking
People forming nontraditional families
"Cloud Nine"(1979) Joint Stock
"Top Girls" (1982) Royal Court
Raises a problem but doesn’t solve it- like Ibsen
Should raise more questions than answers
She Rejected traditional dramatic structure
her plays have protagonist
-“what can you do with a BA in English?” become Caryl Churchill
Like Ibsen by offering no solutions
A Number (2002)
"Far Away" (2000)
Ongoing war, involves animals
Funny hats for people about to be executed
"Blue Heart [Heart’s Desire/ Blue Kettle]" (1997)
Ostrich enters
2 plays
“Blue” and “kettle” mean anything, thrown into almost every sentence
"Drunk Enough to Say I Love You?" (2006)
Tony Blair and George Bush falling in love
Difficult Ethical questions (no answers)
What is verifiable?
61
Describe Cloud Nine by Caryl churchill
Workshop with actors
- “Rough Theatre”- audience awareness
- “Impossible” Shifts defy causality and linear construction: 100 years equals 25
- Doubling and Cross-gender casting
- Betty/Victoria/ Edward
- Structural “gates” that enable shifts in action: getting to ghosts- drunken orgy sequence
- Postmodern
- Designed for and written for proscenium- we all have to share in Betty’s discovery
62
Who is Megan Terry?
Wrote "Calm Down Mother" (1964)
"Viet Rock" (1966) First Rock Musical, Rado and Ragni (who wrote hair, used it as inspiration for Hair)
Cast members then wrote Hair
wrote: "Approaching Simone" (1970)
"Babes in the Bighouse" (1974)
About women in prison
Transformational Acting- switch characters without costume changes
Have to switch characters without costume changes
63
What is the Spiderwoman Theatre
A Native American theatre group made in 1975
| they performed "Lysistrata Numbah"
64
What is the Omaha Magic Theatre?
```
(1968-c.2000)
Created by: Jo Ann Schidman, Megan Terry, Sora Kimberlain
"Body Leaks" (1990)
"Headlights"
"Angel Face"
```
65
Who is Maria Irene Fornes?
```
Playwright/ Director (Cuba)/ Painter
"Fefu and Her Friends" (1977)
Audience has to move around
Nightmare for a stage manager
Scenes simultaneous and actors enter and exit all of the scenes
Inspired by a production of Waiting for Godot
"Mud" (1983)
Uneducated characters
"The Conduct of Life" (1985)
Girl raped onstage
Layout of stage
Adaptations of Ibsen, Lorca, Calderon
```
66
Who is Tennessee Williams?
Wrote: "The Glass Menagerie" (1945)
Dir. and starred: Eddie Dowling, also starred Laurette Taylor
"A Streetcar Named Desire" (1947)
Marlon Brando, Jessica Tandy
selective, stylized design
"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" (1955)
no walls in 1st production, just actors in focus
Elia Kazan (director) and Jo Mielziner (designer)- *IMPORTANT PEOPLE
used raised platforms
67
Who is Elia Kazan?
A famous director, directed all of Williams and Miller's plays
68
Who is Jo Mielziner?
A famous designer, designed all of Williams and Miller's plays
69
Who is Arthur Miller?
```
Wrote: "All My Sons" (1947)
"Death of a Salesman" (1949)
made everything tiny on set (kitchen table, bed)
"The Crucible" (1953)
"After the Fall" (1964)
Found to be narcissistic, autobiographical
included Marilyn character
Set: anywhere, anytime
```
Left his wife to marry Marilyn Monroe
Oklahoma! (1943)
dream ballet- Agnes DeMille
Rodgers and Hammerstein
```
West Side Story (1957) Bernstein
importance of Anybodies
girl in gang
character name
Robbins and Gennaro, Laurents, Sondheim
Chain link fence on stage- important for sound
```
70
Who is Arthur Kennedy?
a actor, played a lot of roles in Miller plays
71
Who is Jerzy Grotowski?
```
Director
-Inspired by theatre of cruelty
-Polish Laboratory Theatre (1965-c.1975)
-"Towards a Poor Theatre" (acting text)
Rawness of Emotionality
Very low tech
Primal scream- horrible voices
Psycho-physical exploration
ritual/Artaud
Explicit presentation of pain and suffering
inspired by theatre of cruelty
loved pain and suffering- actors really experienced it
-"The Constant Prince" (Calderon)
wills himself to be tortured
audience looks over stage
-"Kordian" (Slowacki)
in a mental institution
audience on set in an immersive experience
-"Doctor Faustus" (Marlowe)
man and woman are one, use of doubling
"Akropolis"
Holocaust
Characters have to construct own creamatorium
biblical story
Rysard Cieslak- hanging by wires, actor
Adapting biblical text and Stanislaw Wyspianski (1904)
“concentration camp”
Building a creamatorium
Following headless Christ to salvation
boots loud and heavy
this kind of theatre does not cater to audience well-being
```
72
What is the living theatre?
political
-Brecht and Artaud influences
-created by Judith Malina and Julian Beck
-Cultural and political revolution
-“no more masterpieces”
-minimize importance of playwright
-Anti-war (power to the people)- Vietnam war
-little respect for text, fluid, always changed
-refused to pay taxes
"The Brig" (1963)
tried to create what it would be like to live in a marine brig as a prisoner
"The Connection" (1959)
about drug addicts, may have crossed over into real life
"Frankenstein" (1968)
highly stylized
"Paradise Now" (1968)
naked the whole time
Used a lot of nudity
"Antigone"
Judith Molina as Antigone, one of the founding members
mask-like face
visually stripped down
73
who are Judith Malina and Julian Beck?
founders of the living theatre
74
What is the performance group of 1968-1980?
```
created by, Richard Schechner
-Environmental Theatre/ Public Domain
-Performing garage
Performance Studies
"Commune" (1970)
wouldn’t start play until people sat in a circle in the center of the room
"Dionysus in 69" (1968)
orgy on stage
"Makbeth" (1969)
"Mother Courage" (1975)
audience sitting on scaffolding with actors
```
75
What is the open theatre?
Joseph Chaikin (from Living Theatre)- Director, Actor created it
-celebrated playwrights and collaboration
-really studied the texts, collaborations between playwrights and actors
"The Serpent"(John-Claude van Itallie)
biblical and modern together
"Terminal" (ensemble creation)
about death
Jo-Ann Schmidman/ Megan Terry/ Tina Shepard/ Sam Shepard: actors in the open theatre
difference= reverence for text
going back to nature of biomechanics, uniform coveralls
simple staging
trust exercises
76
Who is Richard Schechner?
the founder of the performance group of 1968-1980
77
who are Jo-Ann Schmidman/ Megan Terry/ Tina Shepard/ Sam Shepard?
actors in the open theatre
78
who created the open theatre?
Jospeh Chaikin
79
Who is Andre Gregory?
```
a director
Alice in Wonderland with young Meryl Streep
worked in found spaces
"Kraken" (1974) with Herbert Blau
"Grim Reapers" (anti-war piece) (1972)
public street theatre with puppets
```
80
What are some musicals from the 1960's -1980's and their corresponding writers?
```
The Fantasticks (1960) Jones/Schmidt
Cabaret (1966) Kander/Ebb/Masteroff
Hair (1968) Ragni/Rado/McDermott
Company (1970) Sondheim/Furth
Jesus Christ Superstar (1972) Webber
A Little Night Music (1973) Sondheim/Lapine in ¾ time
A Chorus Line (1975) Bennett/Hamlisch
Sunday in the Park with George (1984) Sondheim/Lapine
Les Miserables (1985) Boublil/Schonberg
Into the Woods (1987) Sondheim/Lapine
```
81
Describe "Angels in America" by Tony Kushner
-Why the Prior ghosts?
Connect us to the past
Why the dream mirror?
-Arrival of AIDS. Another plague
-Arts devastated by AIDS, everyone lost someone
SCARY
Performer dying of AIDS, cut himself onstage, watch how audience reacts
Cf. Rent (1996)
Energized young generation
Death of Jonathan Larson on opening night
“Fantasia” mixed style, subject, and method
still maintaining integrity
difference between fantasia play and musical revue, this has revue elements but also has through-line of characters
Politics of Reagan/ Cohn
Clash of Sexuality, religion, politics
Ultimate uplift in Part 2
Heaven
Postmodern
Deconstruction of history and social order
82
Who is Tony Kushner?
```
Wrote, "Homebody/ Kabul" (2002)
About Afghanistan before we were in it
One woman speaking for about an hour
"The Illusion" (Corneille) (1990)
Predicting Television, magic use
"A Dybbuk (Ansky)" (1995)
"A Bright Room Called Day" (1985)
"Caroline, or Change" (2004) with music by Janine Tesori
Screenplays: Munich (2005), Lincoln (2012)
```
83
What word did they use in gay and lesbian plays before the stonewall riots of 1969?
Bulgarians
84
who is edouard bourdet?
wrote: "The Captive" (1927)
| 1st obvious Lesbian character, “evil,” turns women into lesbians
85
Who is Mae West?
```
Wrote:
"Sex"
"The Drag"
"Pleasure Man" (1927-28)
Mart Crowley, "The Boys in the Band" (1968) Off-Broadway
Recorded LP of play and sold it
Every character is some sort of stereotype
Playwright was gay
Put topic in main stream
```
86
Who is Charles Busch?
```
Wrote:
:Vampire Lesbians of Sodom" (1984)
Cross-dresses
Parodies of things from past, casts himself as female character, highly sexualized, beautiful woman
Satyrical
```
87
Who is Larry Kramer?
Wrote "The Normal Heart" (1985)
88
Who is William M. Hoffman?
wrote "As Is" (1985)
89
Discuss Postmodern theatre
all about the audiences response, what the audience takes from the piece of theatre
Not an “-ism” but a process
Label for many forms, styles, and approaches
Lead to it: Antecedents: Happenings, Performance Groups, Beckett, Artaud’s Theatre of Cruelty, Brecht’s Epic, Semiotics (relativity of meaning, meaning is based on what receiver of material takes away, event read in different ways, how we receive art)
Tend to want to try to bring people to the same page in terms of response
-PostmodernAuteur Directors: Text as Pretext
- Commentary on Modernism
-Deconstruction
Deconstruction original, but creating a new present
-Truth is not verifiable
Repetition (text, image, action)
-Not a moment- impulse or way of seeing
-Visual easier to understand than textual
-Often change of scale in something that was familiar
-Doesn’t have a lot of respect for art from past, but still influenced by it
-Change it for a modern audience
-Relativity of meaning
-Reception theory
-Audience response
-Rejection of specificity in place, event, character Cf. Beckett
-Where are we? Who are the characters?
-Godot, Footfalls
-Invention of “modernism” as antique rather than currency
90
What is the 1950s and 1960s "Happenings"
- By visual artists, scultpors
- Invite or allow audience and expect them to do something or you do something or both
- Nontraditional theatrical experience
- Wanted to make their art more visceral, active
- Action painter- paints for audience
- EX: painter paints in front of audience, then drinks paint
- Interaction with art
- Today: museum exhibits
- Grandchild of this- flashmobs
- City scape as “playground”
91
Who is Peter Brook?
A director
Directed:
"The Empty Space" (1968)
Theatre of Cruelty- fascinated with this
"King Lear" (1962)
"Marat/Sade" (1964)
"Midsummer Night’s Dream" (1970)- white box with 2 doors, trapeze artists (puck and oberon)
Intuition trumped theory
-Can’t define him or pigeon hole him- always reinventing himself, trying different things
Messy scheme- things end up torn up or thrown on the floor
92
Who is Ingmar Berman?
- Director
- Would continue to direct same plays over and over again
- Film and theatre
- A Dolls House
- Ghost Sonata (1973)
- Peer Gynt- South Korea, done as though children had done it
93
Who is Jose Rivera?
```
playwright
"Marisol"
"A Doll House" ACT
Deconstruction of box set- box within a box within a box
"Hamlet Machine" Heiner Muller
```
94
Who is Robert Wilson?
A director who choreographed everything
-Everything is choreographed, but not dance, no freedom for actors
"Quartet" by Muller
Vibrant colors and lighting
"Les Liaisons Dangereuses" ACT
95
Who is Peter Sellars?
A director
```
-"Merchant of Venice"
Lots of actor freedom
Remarkable memory, very personable
Actors trust him
Loves screens, images, monitors
-"Children of Herakles"- issues of Vietnam
-"Laramie Project"
"A Doll’s House" with all of the women normal sized and men are little people
```
96
Who wrote Metamorphoses?
Mary Zimmerman, and Charles Mee directed it
97
Describe "The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?" by Edward Albee
Ethical Choices
Something that seems perfect becomes junk, violated, a huge mess
Transforms without bringing in new scenery
An elegant set that has to be wrecked
How to create the dead goat?
“Notes toward a definition of Tragedy”
Upscale successful people
Family dysfunction
Cf. Futz (Rochelle Owens) 1965- guy loves his pig, not bothering anyone, society kills the pig
Can tragedy be reignited for contemporary theatre
98
Who is Edward Albee?
Playwright:
wrote: "Zoo Story" (1959)
"The American Dream" (1961)
"Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" (1962)
"A Delicate Balance" (1966)
Dysfunctional family- afraid of something they can’t identify, never revealed
"Seascape" (1974)- 2 human sized lizards talk to a couple on a beach
"The Play About the Baby" (1998)
Tiny Alice- meaning: asshole
"The Goat; or, Who is Sylvia?" (2002)
"Peter and Jerry (2004+) At Home at the Zoo"
Challenging “American Values”
Challenging conventional religion
Gay and heterosexual issues embedded in ambiguity and domestic violence
People are unknowable
Events open to challenge
Nameless fears: afraid of something, but don’t know what
Symbols loom large. Lots of symbols
Subject to conflicting interpretation
Something that is seemingly perfect, what happens underneath it
99
Name some of the musicals from the 90's to 2000s and their corresponding writers.
· Assassins (1990) Sondheim/ Weidman
· Rent (1996) Larson/ Michael Greif
· Lion King (1997) Julie Taymor
· Fosse (1999) Ann Reinking
· Chicago (1975/1996) Kander/Ebb/Fosse
· The Producers (2001) Mel Brooks/ Susan Stroman
· Urinetown (2001) Hollman and Kotis
· Avenue Q (2003) Lopez
· Wicked (2003) Schwartz
· Spamalot (2005) Idle
· Ragtime (1998/2009) McNally, Ahrens and Faherty
· Spring Awakening (2006) Sheik, Sater
· The Book of Mormon (2011) Lopez, Parker, Stone
· Bloody, Bloody Andrew Jackson (2010) Timers/ Friedman
· American Idiot (2010) Green Day
· Anything Goes (1934/2011) Porter/Bolton/ Wodehouse
· Gypsy- Bernadette Peters
· Follies
