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Theatre and Surgical Practice > Theatre Design > Flashcards

Theatre Design Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four prime requirements of a theater

A

easily cleaned
safe environment
comfortable
control and prevention of infection

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2
Q

Name Eight construction points of the theater design

A

Hard wearing
Easily washable and waterproof
Horizontal surfaces - minimal
Edges - rounded

Plugs - waterproofed and recessed
Flooring - hard wearing, non-porous, non-slip
Air - filtered and higher pressure
Temperature - 15-20 C

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3
Q

four things that should be recessed into the wall

A

Radiography viewer/ Computer Monitor
White Board
Wall Clock
Plugs

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4
Q

Name two properties of the materials used in the construction of exposed surfaces in the theater

A

non-porous

impervious to harsh cleaning agents

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5
Q

describe the requirements for entry/exit doors to theater

A

Maximum of two doors leading into theater
Two-Way swinging doors to allow free passage without using hands or arms to open
Doors should be used as little as possible to reduce air currents

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6
Q

describe the ideal air in theater

A

Air pressure should be higher than in other rooms
Ventilators should have filters to remove bacteria
12 air changes should occur hourly

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7
Q

maintenance equipment used to clean the theater should not be used in other areas of the hospital
T/F

A

True

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8
Q

Name three items of clothing personnel should wear when entering the theater

A

Cap
Mask
Freshly laundered scrub suit

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9
Q

Surgical personnel should understand (non) sterile boundaries and adhere to principles of aseptic technique
T/F

A

True

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10
Q

Name 6 roles of the circulating nurse

IPAPER

A
  • In attendance when surgery is in progress
  • Positions the patient
  • Attaches equipment
  • Preps extra instruments
  • Extra pair of eyes and ears
  • Records information
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11
Q

Name 6 roles of the scrubbed nurse

PAPRCF

A
  • Preps instrument trolley and is responsible for everything on it
  • Assists the surgeon
  • Passes instruments and swabs
  • Retracts tissues
  • Cuts sutures
  • Familiarity with the procedure
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12
Q

Name 10 common breaks in aseptic technique

A 
Jewelry
Long dirty nails
Exposed hair
Skin Conditions and Touching the Face
Respiratory conditions
Loose fitting masks
Wet hands
Wet Drapes
Touch contamination
Torn gloves
Leaning over sterile area
Too many visitors
Opening contaminated gut/viscera
Soiled gowns
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13
Q

Name the 7 components of the theater suite

A 
Sterile storage area
Scrubbing up area
Changing rooms
Recovery room
Operating suite
Prep area
Washing/ Sterilization area
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14
Q

Name 8 pieces of ancillary equipment

A 
Pulse oximeter
ECG
BP monitor
Capnograph
Oesophageal stethoscope
Operating light
Restraint, lifting and positioning equipment
Additional surgical instruments
Diathermy
Suction unit
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15
Q

Name 5 features of the ideal ops table

A 
Height Adjustable
Tilt function
Drainage
Heated top
Hooks for securing positioning ties
Castors for easy maneuvering
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16
Q

Name 4 positioning aids

A

Sandbags
Ties
Trough
Foam Wedges

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17
Q

Describe 4 types of lifting equipment

A

Blanket
Stretcher (soft or with a frame)
Hoist (electronic, wheeled or manual/sling)
Trolley

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18
Q

describe how the patients head should be positioned for transportation while anesthetized/ unconcious

A

Head and neck should be pulled forward

tongue can be pulled forward and tucked under the lower jaw

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19
Q

What is diathermy used for

A

cutting and coagulation of tissue by applying heat produced by high frequency electrical current

continuous waveforms cut tissue
interrupted waveforms aid coagulation

20
Q

Why use diathermy

A

can reduce surgical time

reduces amount of suture material required

allows rapid control of haemorrhage

Enables visualization of surgical field

21
Q

Describe the two types of diathermy

A

Monopolar

  • used pencil finger switch
  • Pt must be earthed

Bipolar

  • activated by foot pedal
  • earth plate not required; current passes through tips of the forceps across the tissue
22
Q

Name 4 uses of a suction unit

A

aspiration of the oropharynx and nasopharynx
in endoscopy units
suction of fluid and blood during surgery
thoracocentesis following surgery

23
Q

Describe the heating that can be used in theater

A

wall mounted radiators are difficult to clean
panel heating in walls or underfloor is ideal
ambient temp 15-20C

Do not use fan heaters - can cause dust and air movement

24
Q

Describe the lighting used in theater

A

use natural daylight where possible
lighting should be concealed in ceiling or wall
plus portable overhead light
good lighting is essential

25
Q

Describe the ventilation used in theater

A

should provide min. 12 air changes per hour
positive ventilation system recommended to allow higher air pressure compared to the next room to reduce airborne bacteria entering theater

26
Q

Why do some instruments have gold handles

A

to indicate they have Tungsten Carbide inserts in the tips for a strengthened gripping surface

27
Q

describe the cleaning procedure at the start of the day

A

damp dusting of all surfaces and furniture using disinfectant solution

removing traces of dust that may have settled overnight

28
Q

describe the cleaning procedure between cases

A

wipe clean the table, trolley, stands, equipment, leads, kick bucket with disinfectant

all waste should be removed and appropriately disposed of

floors should be mopped if dirty, inc under table if fluids

29
Q

describe the cleaning protocol at the end of the day

A

all waste material should be removed and disposed of

wash down surfaces, equipment, table, lights, scrub sinks with disinfectant

floor should be swept to remove debris and hair then mopped using disinfectant

30
Q

Describe the weekly cleaning protocol for the theater

A

all equipment should be removed, floors and walls should be scrubbed

use a broad spectrum disinfectant with detergent properties. this should be left to dry, not rinsed

all equipment should be meticulously wiped over

31
Q

name three surgical categories in terms of urgency

A

emergency
necessary (urgent)
elective (non-urgent)

32
Q

name four surgical categories in terms of infection potential

A

clean
clean contaminated
contaminated
infected

33
Q

describe clean surgery

A

a wound made aseptically, does not enter contaminated viscus, no break in sterile technique

34
Q

give an example of clean surgery

A

spay

orthopedic

35
Q

describe clean-contaminated surgery

A

a wound made aseptically, the wound enters the oropharynx, respiratory, alimentary or urogenital tracts. no source of contamination.

36
Q

give an example of clean-contaminated surgery

A

lung lobectomy
traceotomy
gastrotomy
ceaser

37
Q

describe contaminated surgery

A

a major spill of contaminated material or break in sterile technique, entry into viscus with bacterial load

38
Q

give an example of contaminated surgery

A

oral surgery
cystotomy
ex lap into the large intestine

39
Q

describe infected surgery

A

surgical site is known to be infected

40
Q

give an example of infected surgery

A

pyo
infected wound
abscesses

41
Q

give four reasons for delaying surgery

A

investigative/diagnostic procedure required
fluid therapy or transfusions required
other injuries which require treatment first
stabilization of the patient eg. diabetic, shock
client consent required

42
Q

how can infection be reduced intra-operatively

A
  • adhere to aseptic technique
  • change instruments, drapes, gloves and gown if long op or working with infected tissue
  • lavage op site with sterile fluids
  • antibiotic cover for long ops
  • reduce number of people in theater/ traffic
43
Q

name 4 factors which contribute to SSIs

A

the patient
the surgeon
the surgical site
the environment

44
Q

name 2 advantages of using alcohol over medicated hand prep

A

longer duration of efficacy
rapid action
dont need to dry hands
wider spectrum of activity

45
Q

which combination of skin prep is most effective

A

70% alcohol and 4% chlorhexidine

46
Q

which preventative measure contributes to the greatest reduction in SSIs

A

effective hand hygiene

Theatre and Surgical Practice (2 decks)

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