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Theatre > Theatre > Flashcards

Theatre Flashcards

1
Q

Sepsis

A

Prescence of pathogens or toxic product in blood or tissues of patient
Infection

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2
Q

Aspesis

A

Free from infection

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3
Q

Antispesis

A

Prevention of sepsis by destruction or inhibition of microorganisms using an agent

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4
Q

Sterilisation

A

Elimination of all microorganisms and spores

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5
Q

Disinfection

A

Removal of microorganisms but not spores

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6
Q

Disinfectant

A

Agent that destroys microorganisms

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7
Q

Impervious

A

Not allowing substances to penetrate

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8
Q

On a morning what needs to be done in theatre

A

Damp dust

Wet vaccum

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9
Q

Clean surgery

A

Surgical wound made under aspetic conditions
Neutering
Uncomplicated hernia

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10
Q

Clean-contaminated surgery

A 
Surgic wound made under aspetic conditions but enters a contaminated cavity
Resp, oropharynx, alimentary,
Lung lobectomy
Gastrostomy
Tracheostomy
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11
Q

Contaminated surgery

A 
Major spill or break in sterile technique or enter high bacterial area
Abdo gut spill
Oral surgery
Wound under 6 hours
Lower bowl surgery
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12
Q

Dirty/infected surgery

A 
Area already known to be infected
Wound over 6 hours
Aural surgery
Abscess
Necrotic tissue
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13
Q

Endogenous

Exogenous

A

Blood

Fomite

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14
Q

Affecting factors of contamination

A 
Virulence
Duration of surgery
Technique
Impaired host resistance
Comtamination of wound
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15
Q

Mrsa carried in

A

Upper body of resp tract

Methylene restraint staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

Pass object

Pass personnel

A

Facing

Back to back

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17
Q

First scrub

Steps?

A

5-10 minutes

7

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18
Q

Suction apparatus
Used for
Emptied into?
Not for?

A 
Aspiration of oropharynx
Thoracocentesis
Fluids
Sluice sink
Ovarian hysterectomy
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19
Q

Diathermy
What it does?
Two types?

A

Coagulation and cut
Reduce time and foreign material
Monopolar cut (ground) , bipolar coag

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20
Q

Scavenging system
Active?
Passive?

A

Uses an extractor fan negative pressure and a barnsley reciever to break pressure
Activated charcoal system, tube outside
No more than 1.5m long

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21
Q 
Cryosurgery
What does it do?
Uses?
Temp kept at? 
Ppe?
Side effects straight away?
Later on?
A 
Destroys living tissue by application of extreme cold (denatures) 
Liquid nitrogen
-20
Insulated gloves, goggle, apron
Erythema, oedema, slough of moist skin
Unpigmented skin
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22
Q

Pulse oximeter

Measures?

A

% of oxygen bound to haemoglobin within arterial blood

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23
Q

Manuak handling operations regulation date

Out in place by

A

1992

HSE

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24
Q

Cardiovascular monitoring

A 
Peripheral pulse
Mmc
Crt
Auscultation
Spo2
BP
Central venous pressure
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25
Q

Respiratory monitoring
Mainstream
Side stream

A

Adequate alveolar ventilation
Rate, rhythm, depth
Chest, bag, co2

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26
Q

Blood pressure
Doppler sphygmomanometer
Oscillometric sphygmomanometer

A

Ultrasound probe, audible sound

Cuff

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27
Q 
Starvation periods
Dogs
Horse
Gpig
Rabbit
Bird
A 
3 min 6 hr - 3 max under twelve weeks
12 hours and flush mouth prior
2 hours
Don't
Check crop
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28
Q 
Dorsal
Modified dorsal
Modified reversal dorsal
Sternal
Lateral
Purse-string suture for?
A

Head down bum up
Head up bum down
Perineal surgery

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29
Q 
Urine output
Spg dog and cat
Turbid
Dark red /brown
Brown/yellow
A

0.015-0.045
0.35-0.060
Sediment blood cells, casts, calculi
Haemoglobin or myoglobin
Bile pigments

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30
Q 
Total circulating blood volume
Dog
Cat
Horse
10%
20%
30%
Calculation of % lost
Signs
A 
86ml/kg
55ml/kg
100ml/kg
Acceptable
Colloid
Blood transfusion
Blood lost / TCBV * 100 = % blood lost
Hypotension, pale, >crt, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, weak rapid pulse
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31
Q

Torniquet

Eshmarsh bandage

A

15 min

45 min

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32
Q

Heart rate
Trachycardia
Bradycardia

A

Pain, surgical stimulation, inadequate anaesthesia

Too much anaesthesia, vagal nerve stimulation, drug reaction

33
Q

Respiratory rate
Tachypnoea
Bradypnoea

A

Increased co2, metabolic acidosis, pain, light depth
Too deep
Excessive ippv

34
Q

Prevent heat loss
Room at
Use

A

15-20°c

Rebreathing circuit

35
Q 
Equine theatre
Type of surgery?
3 types of theatre table
Floor and walls should be? 
Catheter placed? 
Before induction? 
Prone to?
Walk back to stable after standing for?
A 
Orthopeadic
Mobile
Fixed hydraulic (sump)
Inflatable
Padded
Jugular
Flush oral cavity
Pharyngeal/laryngeal oedema
30-45 minutes
36
Q

Scalpel blade
Sizes?
Tenotomy blade?
Beaver handle?

A 
Divide tissue with minimal trauma
Size 3 - small animal (10, 11, 12, 15)
Size 4 - large animal (20, 21, 22)
11
Delicate surgery
37
Q 
Dissecting forceps
Debakey
Brown adson
Adson
Treves
A 
Hold tissue
Long + thin, abdo and vascular surgery
16 delicate teeth
Fine with teeth
Simple with rat tooth
38
Q 
Scissors
Mayo
Metzenbaum
Careless suture
Paynes suture removal scissors
Curved iris scissors
Not classified by...
A 
Sturdy, Sharp edge, Blunt tip
Lightly built curved, Blunt pointed narrow blades, gold handle
Cutting scissors
Strabismus
Type of surgery
39
Q 
Haemostats/artery forceps
Rochester pean
Spencer wells
Kochers
Criles
Halstead
Ferguson angiotribes
Cheatle
A 
Long jaw, hysterectomy
Standard
Long jaw like the pean, toothed tips
Lighter than Spencer wells
Light routine surgery, all but large blood vessels
Heavy duty, matching longitudinal jaws
Drape the patient
40
Q

Misc
Doyens bowl clamp
Rampleys sponge holding forceps

A

Atraumatic

Clean patient

41
Q 
Tissue forceps
Allis
Duvalls
Babcocks
Lanes
Little Woods
A

Grip tissue with minimal trauma
Inward curving toothed blades (grasps fascia and tendons)
Hold delicate tissue

Diamond shape
Two single Jaws

42
Q

Towel clips
Backhaus
Greys Cross action

A

Hold drape to patient

43
Q 
Needle holders
Castroviejos
Gillies
Olsen-hegar
Mayo-hegar
Mcphails
A 
Delicate, opthalmology (tungsten carbide or titantium)
Scissor section, no ratchet
Scissor edge, ratchet
No scissors
Copper tips, spring rachet
44
Q 
Retractors
Travers
West
Gelpi
Gosset 
Langenbeck
Hohmann
Czerny
Balfours
Finochietto
A

Self retaining, left side 1 less prong, muscle joints
SR, equal prongs, muscle joints
SR, short blunt tips, fracture lesion
SR, two blades mounted onto a bar, p shape, abdo viscera
handheld, flat blade @ right angle
HH, muscle, tendon, ligament, soft tissue,
HH, two spikes, broad surface, abdo
3 individual operable outward curved loops mounted onto a bar, vocal chords horse, abdo small animal
Thoracic surgery

45
Q 
Volkmanns scoop
Curette
Chisel
Gouge
Osteotomes
Periosteal elevators
A

Double ended scoop (debrides abscess, sinus or fistula, Sharp edge scoop cancellous bone
Oval shaped cup (scoop dense tissue, cancellous bone)
Tapered to a point at one side (shape bone/cartilage)
U shaped (remove cartilage/soft bone)
Tapered at both sides (shape bone/cartilage)
Lift Periosteum and soft tissue

46
Q

Fergusons bone holding forceps
Verbrugge bone holding forceps
Bone rongeurs
Listons bone cutting forceps

A

Grip bone fragments
Grip bone
Nibbles at bone
Cut large bone

47
Q 
Jabobs chuck places?
Steinman pin
Kirschner wire
Arthrodesis
Rush pin
Monofilament cerclage wire
A

steinman pin
Double ended points, thickest, screw thread or pointy, fractures
Small pointed intramedullary pin, bayonet + trocar, small fragment fracture
Two trocar tips, small fragment fracture
Used in pairs, pointed sledge runner, hooked end
Around bone, used with k wire

48
Q 
Screws
Sherman bone screw
Asif cortical screw
Asif cancellous screw
Plate
Sherman plate
Venebles plate
Dynamic compression plate
External fixators
A 
Self tapping, cross action thread
Non-self tapping, hexagonal head
Spongy bone, hexagonal head
Weak, sherman screw
Stronger, sherman screws, circular holes
Oval holes
49
Q 
Dental instruments
Periodontal probe
Peridontal explorer
Calculus removing forceps
Hand scaler/Curette
Ultrasonic cleaner
Burs
Dental luxator
Dental elevator
Periosteal elevator
Extraction forceps
A

Blunt, measures gingival sulcus, recession overgrowth, periodontal pocket depths. Handle assesses tooth mobility. Williams 14.
Needle sharp, explore surface for cavities, enamel defects, subgingivally
Dislodge calculus
Remove dental deposits
Cavitation. Never use perpendicular to tooth
Remove and smooth off alveolar bone
Cut epithelial attachment + Peridontal ligament
Apply rotational leverage
Extraction
Not recommend for vet use

50
Q 
Needles
Characterised by
French eye, oblong, swagged
Needle body
  Round
  Taper
  Trocar
  Cutting
  Reverse
  Blunt
A

Suture attachment, shape, cross section, size
Continuous thread (non-traumatic)
J shape, compound curve, 1/2 curved, circle
Autraumatic
Cut through skin
Liver post biopsy

51
Q 
Suture material properties
Tissue healing capacity
Infection
Cosmetic
Strength
Capillarity
Absorbable
Non-absorbable
A

Slow healing fascia - slow absorbing material
Monofilament reduces risk
Silk eyelid surgery
Appropriate size
Extent of which fluid will move along material (infection) multifilament worse
Phagocytosis, hydrolised
Encapsulated

52
Q

Suture material categories

A

Natural
Synthetic
Monofilament
Multifilament

53
Q 
Catgut
Made from?
Filament?
Absorbable?
Plain or chromatic?
A

Sheeps intestines (natural)
Multifilament
Phagocytosis
Both (chromic salts slow absorption, increase tensile strength and decrease tissue reaction)

54
Q 
Polyglactin 910
Known as?
Natural or synthetic
Filament? 
Absorbable?
Strength?
Wound support for?
Coated?
Used for?
A 
Vicryl
Synthetic
Multifilament
Hydrolysis (56-70 days) 
High tensile strength
30 days
Reduce drag
SC, ID, muscle layer, mmb eyes
55
Q 
Polydioxanone
Known as?
Filament?
Natural or synthetic? 
Absorbable?
Good for?
A 
PDS
Monofilament
Synthetic 
Hydrolysis (90 days)
Infected areas, sc, eyes
56
Q 
Polyglycolic acid
Known as?
Filament?
Natural or synthetic? 
Absorbable?
Wound support?
Disadvantage?
A 
Dexon
Multifilament
Synthetic
Hydrolysis (120 days) 
14 days
Poor knot security, tissue drag
Sc
57
Q 
Silk
From?
Filament?
Coated with?
Used for?
A

Silkworm cocoon
Multifilament
Silicone to reduce Capillarity and drag
Cardiovascular, Thoracic, eyes

58
Q

Linen
Known as?
Made from?
Filament?

A

Supramid
Flax
Multifilament

59
Q

Polypropylene
Know as?
Filament?
Absorbable?

A

Polypropene
Monofilament
Encapsulated
Skin, hollow viscus, tendon, blood vessels, nerves

60
Q

Polyesters
Known as?
Filament?
Coated?

A

Ethibond
Multifilament
Coated

61
Q

Stainless steel
Known as?
Filament?
Used?

A

Mersilene, steelex
Mono or multifilament
Orthopaedic, tendon

62
Q

Poliglecaprone 25

Filament?

A

Monofilament

63
Q

Polyamide
Filament?
Used for?

A

Monofilament

Facia and muscle

63
Q

Staples

A

Expensive

Internally

64
Q

Tissue adhesive
Used on?
Brand?

A

Mucous membranes

Vetbond

64
Q

Usp
Classified by?
More 0’s

A

United states pharmacopoeia
System unique to suture
Smaller the suture

64
Q

Metric system
Classified by?
2 metric =

A

1/10th of milimeters

0.2mm

65
Q

Skin tension lines

A

Where wound is
Is it under any tension
Is gravity going to pull it apart
Is their free skin

66
Q

Suture pattern
Apposing
Everting
Inverting

A

Direct apposition
Edges turn outwards
Turn inwards

67
Q

Surgical knot

A

Loop
Knot
Ears

68
Q 
Sutures
Simple interrupted
Simple continuous
Vertical/horizontal mattress
Ford interlocking
Cruciate matress suture
Purse string suture
A 
Intact if one breaks, infection
Minimal suture used, contamination on removal
Good for gaping wounds, time consuming
Secure, continous
Tail stumps, lots of suture
69
Q 
Cold sterilisation
Endoscope cleaner?
Ethylene oxide liquid?
Ethylene cycle?
Yellow to red colour change
Works by
Good for?
A 
Cidex
Anprolene
12 hr run and 12 to air
DNA inactivation
Fibre, rubber
70
Q 
Dry heat
Hot air oven Used for?
High vacuum assisted oven
Convention
Non cutting instruments
A

Needles, ophthalmic instruments

160° 120 minutes

71
Q

Boiling

A

Moist heat

72
Q 
Steam under pressure
Vertical pressure cooker
Horizontal/downward displacement autoclave
Vaccun assisted autoclave
Test
Temp, pressure, time
A 
Top
Bottom
3-5 minutes sterilisation
Thernocouple anually
Service twice a year
121 15 15
126 20 10
134 30 3.5
73
Q

Brownes tube
Colour change
Colour tubes - hotair oven
Autoclave

A

Red-green
Green spot b 160°
Blue spot a 160°

Black spot b 126°
Yellow spot a 126°

74
Q

Bowie dick tape

Temp

A

121

75
Q

Tst strip

Colour change

A

Yellow to red

76
Q

Spore test strip

A

72 hour culture

Theatre (1 decks)

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