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Global Business > The World is Flat > Flashcards

The World is Flat Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote the book “The World is Flat”?

A

Thomas L. Friedman

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2
Q

What is meant by the phrase “the world is flat”?

A

It’s a synonym for saying that the world is globally interconnected.

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3
Q

What is a consequence of a flat world?

A

It allows businesses all over the world to compete on a more equal playing field.

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4
Q

What are the ten forces that flattened the world?

A
  1. The New Age of Creativity (=> the fall of the Berlin Wall)
  2. The New Age of Connectivity (=> the rise of the Web)
  3. Work Flow Software
  4. Uploading (=> open online collaboration and communities)
  5. Outsourcing
  6. Offshoring
  7. Supply-Chaining
  8. Insourcing
  9. In-forming
  10. The Steriods (computers, the Internet, wireless, and personalization)
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5
Q

Explain the force “The New Age of Creativity”?

A

The New Age of Creativity (the fall of the Berlin Wall):

This event tipped the balance of power across the world toward those advocating democratic, consensual, free-market-oriented governance, and away from those advocating authoritarian rule with centrally planned economies.

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6
Q

Explain the force “The New Age of Connectivity”?

A

The New Age of Connectivity (the rise of the Web):

This event enable more people to communicate and interact with more other people anywhere on the planet than ever before.

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7
Q

Explain the force “Work Flow Software”?

A

This force enabled more people in more places to design, display, manage, and collaborate on business data previously handled manually, resulting in more work to be able to flow between companies and continents faster than ever.

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8
Q

Explain the force “Uploading”?

A

=> open online collaboration and communities

This force gave newfound power to individuals and communities to send up, out, and around their own products and ideas, often for free, rather than just passively downloading them from commercial enterprises or traditional hierachies, thereby reshaping the flow of creativity innovation, political mobilization, and information gathering and dissemination.

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9
Q

Explain the force “Outsourcing”?

A

This force meant taking some specific, but limited, function that your company is doing in house and having another company perform that exact same function for you and then reintegrating their work back into your overall operation.

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10
Q

Explain the force “Offshoring”?

A

This force meant being able to manufacture the very same product in the very same way, only with cheaper labor, lower taxes, subsidized energy, and lower health-care costs in another country, then integrating it into your global supply chains.

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11
Q

Explain the force “Supply-Chaining”?

A

This force allowed horizontal collaboration - among suppliers, retailers, and customers - to create value, resulting in the adoption of common standards between companies and more efficient global collaboration.

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12
Q

Explain the force “Insourcing”?

A

This force allowed small companies could suddenly see around the world and sell their products and services globally, while large companies could “act really small” and customize products at the last minute.

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13
Q

Explain the force “In-forming”?

A

This force gave all the world’s knowledge, or even just a big chunk of it to anyone and everyone, anythime, anywhere, resulting in becoming your own self-directed and self-empowered researcher, editor, and selector of entertainment, without having to go to the library or the movie theater or through network television.

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14
Q

Explain the force “The Steriods”?

A

=> computers, the Internet, wireless, and personalization

This force, made up of specific technologies, supercharged all the other flatteners.

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15
Q

What is horizontal organisation?

A

A decentralized power structure within an association or business.

A business that is structured as a flat or horizontal organization where power is shared more broadly tends to allow more staff more control over business matters according to their expertise, and it is often supportive of considerable collaboration between employees.

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16
Q

What is the “Triple Convergence”?

A

There are three factors that came together to set off the flattening of the world, called the Triple Convergence.

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17
Q

Explain “Convergence 1”.

A

This is the convergence of the ten flatteners into a whole new platform.

It is a global, Web-enabled platform for multiple forms of collaboration that enables individuals, groups, companies, and universities anywhere in the world to collaborate… without regard to geography, distance, time, and, in the near future, even language… —for the purposes of innovation, production, education, research, entertainment, and, alas, war- making—like no creative platform ever before.

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18
Q

Explain “Convergence 2”.

A

This is the emergence of a large cadre of managers, innovators, business consultants, business schools, designers, IT specialists, CEOs, and workers.

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19
Q

Explain “Convergence 3”.

A

This is the creation of horizontal collaboration and value-creation processes and habits that could take advantage of this new, flatter playing field.

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20
Q

What is the “Great Sorting Out”?

A

The key issues that will need to be resolved in the flat world.

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21
Q

What are the issues of the “Great Sorting Out”?

A
  1. Offshoring: Who is exploiting who?
  2. Where do companies stop and start?
  3. From Command and Control to Collaborate and Connect
  4. Multiple Identity Disorder
  5. Who owns what?
  6. Death of the Salesmen
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22
Q

Explain the issue of “Offshoring: Who is Exploiting Who?”

A

This is where the world starts to flatten out and value increasingly gets created horizontally… who is on the top and who is on the bottom, who is the exploiter and who is the exploited, gets very complicated.

The US workers who are out of jobs? The US customers and citizens who pay lower prices and less taxes? The Indian workers who are paid comparably low wages? The Indian workers who’s comparably low wages raises their standard of living?

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23
Q

Explain the issue of “Where do companies stop and start?”.

A

This is where businesses define their interests and labor opportunities more globally than domestically and the whole shareholding process demands more and more that these companies perform against global standards, opportunities, and resources.

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24
Q

Explain the issue of “From Command and Control to Collaborate and Connect”.

A

This is where hierarchies are not being leveled just by little people being able to act big.

They are also being leveled by big people being able to act really small—in the sense that they are enabled to do many more things on their own.

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25
Q

Explain the issue of “Multiple Identity Disorder”.

A

This is where the tensions among our identities as consumers, employees, citizens, taxpayers, and shareholders are going to come into sharper and sharper conflict.

For instance, the Wal-Mart shareholder and shopper in us wans Wal-Mart to be [keep company profits high] and prices low. But the Wal-Mart worker in us hates the limited benefits and low pay packages. And the Wal-Mart citizen in us knows that because Wal-Mart doesn’t fully cover employee health care costs, the taxpayers will end up picking up the tab.

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26
Q

Explain the issue of “Who Owns What?”.

A

This is where we need to decide whether we build legal barriers to protect an innovator’s intellectual property so he or she can reap its financial benefits and plow those profits into a new invention, or keep the walls low enough so that we encourage the sharing of intellectual property, which is required more and more to do cutting-edge innovation.

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27
Q

Explain the issue of the “Death of the Salesmen”.

A

This is where efficiency and automation is replacing human beings.

It’s hard to create a human bond with e-mail and streaming Internet.

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28
Q

Explain the idea of “America and Free Trade”.

A

This is the idea that even as the world gets flat, America as a whole will benefit more by sticking to the general principles of free trade, as it always has, than by trying to erect walls, which will only provoke others to do the same and impoverish us all.

And while protectionism would be counter-productive, a policy of free trade, while necessary, is not enough by itself. It must be accompanied by a focused domestic strategy aimed at upgrading the education of every American, so that he or she will be able to compete for the new jobs in the flat world.

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29
Q

Explain the term “New Middlers”.

A

These are the job categories that will make up the new middle-class in the flat world.

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30
Q

What are the “New Middlers”?

A
  1. Great Collaborators and Orchestrators
  2. The Great Synthesizers
  3. The Great Explainers
  4. The Great Leveragers
  5. The Great Adapters
  6. The Green People
  7. The Passionate Personalizers
  8. The Great Localizers
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31
Q

Explain the “Great Collaborators and Orchestrators”.

A

These are jobs that involve collaborating with others or orchestrating collaboration within and between companies, especially those employing diverse workforces from around the world.

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32
Q

Explain the “Great Synthesizers”.

A

These are jobs that involve putting together disparate things that you would not think of as going together.

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33
Q

Explain the “Great Explainers”.

A

These are jobs that involve seeing the complexity but explaining it with simplicity.

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34
Q

Explain the “Great Leveragers”.

A

These are jobs that involve combining the best of what computers can do with the best of what humans can do, and then constantly reintegrating the new best practices the humans are innovating back into the system to make the whole that much more productive.

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35
Q

Explain the “Great Adapters”.

A

These are jobs that involve being adaptable and versatile and are capable not only of constantly adapting but also of constantly learning and growing.

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36
Q

Explain the “Green People”.

A

These are jobs that involve designing and building renewable energies and environmentally sustainable systems.

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37
Q

Explain the “Passionate Personalizers”.

A

These are jobs that involve pure passion, pure entertainment, and a creative touch that no one else thought of adding.

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38
Q

Explain the “Great Localizers”.

A

These are jobs that involve understanding the emerging global infrastructure, and then adapting all the new tools it offers to local needs and demands.

39
Q

Explain the “Right Stuff”.

A

These are the abilities that will help individuals compete effectively in the flat world.

40
Q

What are the “Right Stuff”?

A
  1. Learn how to learn
  2. Passion & curiosity
  3. Play well with others
  4. The right-brain stuff
41
Q

Explain the ability “Learn how to learn”.

A

This is the ability to constantly absorb, and teach yourself, new ways of doing old things or new ways of doing new things.

42
Q

Explain the ability “passion and curiosity”.

A

This is the ability to be passionate and curious for a job, for success, for a subject area or even a hobby, because nobody works harder at learning than a curious kid.

43
Q

Explain the ability “play well with others”.

A

This is the ability to be good at managing or interacting with other people.

44
Q

Explain the ability of the “right-brain stuff”.

A

This is the ability to nurture more of your right brain (creative thought) as well as your left (analytical thought).

45
Q

What is the Quiet Crisis?

A

These are the six “dirty little secrets” of the US that are preventing this country from properly preparing for the flat world.

46
Q

What are the “dirty little secrets” of the Quiet Crisis?

A
  1. The Numbers Gap
  2. The Education Gap at the Top
  3. The Ambition Gap
  4. The Education Gap at the Bottom
  5. The Funding Gap
  6. The Infrastructure Gap
47
Q

Explain the “Numbers Gap”.

A

The generation of scientists and engineers who were motivated to go into science are reaching their retirement years and are not being replaced in the numbers that they must be if an advanced economy like that of the United States is to remain at the head of the pack.

48
Q

Explain the “Educaiton Gap at the Top”.

A

The fact that America is not educating, or even interesting, enough of their own young people in advanced math, science, and engineering.

49
Q

Explain the “Ambition Gap”.

A

“Not only is outsourcing cheaper and efficient, but the quality and productivity boost is huge because of our love of television and video and online games.”

50
Q

Explain the “Education Gap at the Bottom”.

A

The fact that an elite private school or public school in a wealthy neighborhood, give education that reinforces innovation and creativity, while the worst public high schools focus on just getting the kids through with the bread-and-butter basics.

51
Q

Explain the “Funding Gap”.

A

Federal funding for research in physical and mathematical sciences and engineering, as a share of GDP, actually declined, and the effects are starting to show, as other nations surpass the US in scientific research and innovations.

52
Q

Explain the “Infrastructure Gap”.

A

In the first three years of the Bush Administration, the United States dropped from 4th to 13th place in the global rankings of broadband Internet usage and most U.S. homes can access only ‘basic’ broadband, among the slowest, most expensive, and least reliable in the developed world. Even worse is the US’s standing in the mobile market.

53
Q

What are the five actions that the US should take to remain competitive in the flat world?

A
  1. Leadership
  2. Muscles
  3. Cushioning
  4. Social Activism
  5. Parenting
54
Q

Explain “Leadership” in context of what the US should do.

A

This is where the US need politicians who are able and willing to help educate and explain to people what world they are living in and what they need to do if they want to thrive in it.

55
Q

Explain “Muscles” in context of what the US should do.

A

This is where the government and companies can guarantee you that they will concentrate on giving you the tools to make yourself more lifetime employable—more able to acquire the knowledge or the experience needed to be a good adapter, synthesizer, collaborator, etc.

56
Q

Explain “Cushioning” in context of what the US should do.

A

This is the concept of wage insurance that would compensate you for your old specific skills, for a set period of time, while you take a new job and learn new specific skills.

57
Q

Explain “Social Activism” in context of what the US should do.

A

This is where global corporations must develop moral consciences because they are going to command more power, not only to create value but also to transmit values, than any transnational institutions on the planet.

58
Q

Explain “Parenting” in context of what the US should do.

A

This is where the US need a new generation of parents ready to administer tough love: There comes a time when you’ve got to put away the Game Boys, turn off the television, shut off the iPod, and get your kids down to work.

59
Q

What are the actions a developing country should take to remain competitive in the flat world?

A
  1. Introspection
  2. Reform Wholesale
  3. Reform Retail
  4. Culture and Glocalization
  5. The Intangible Things
60
Q

Explain “Introspection” in context of what a developing country should do.

A

This is where a country asks itself to what extent is my country advancing or being left behind by the flattening of the world, and to what extent is it adapting to and taking advantage of all the new platforms for collaboration and competition?

61
Q

Explain “Reform Wholesale” in context of what a developing country should do.

A

This is where a country focuses on improving education and infrastructure and, in particular, adopting better governance and market-friendly macroeconomic policies on a strategic, high level.

62
Q

Explain “Reform Retail” in context of what a developing country should do.

A

This is where a country looks at infrastructure, education, and governance and upgrades each one on a tactical, detailed level, so more of your people have the tools and legal framework to innovate and collaborate at the highest levels.

63
Q

Explain “The Intangible Things” in context of what a developing country should do.

A

This is where a society increases its ability and willingness to pull together and sacrifice for the sake of economic development as well as has leaders with the vision to see what needs to be done in terms of development and the willingness to use power to push for change rather than to enrich themselves and preserve the status quo.

64
Q

Explain “Culture & Glocalization” in context of what a developing country should do.

A

This is where a country asks itself how outward your culture is: To what degree is it open to foreign influence and ideas? How well does it ‘glocalize’ (adopt foreign ideas)? as well as how inward your culture is:

To what degree is there a sense of national solidarity and a focus on development, to what degree is there trust within the society for strangers to collaborate together, and to what degree are the elites in the country concerned with the masses and ready to invest at home?

65
Q

What are the ways companies can remain competitive in the flat world?

A
  1. Be Unique
  2. The Small Shall Act Big
  3. The Big Shall Act Small
  4. Be Collaborative
  5. Get Regulary X-rays
  6. Outsource to Win
  7. Be Socially Responsible
66
Q

Explain “Be Unique” in context of how a comapny can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies dig inside themselves to locate their real core competency to avoid commoditization, which is happening faster and faster across a whole range of industries in the flat world.

67
Q

Explain “The Small Shall Act Big” in context of how a comapny can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies take advantage of several new forms of collaboration— supply-chaining, outsourcing, insourcing, and all the steriods—to make their small companies very big.”

68
Q

Explain “The Big Shall Act Small” in context of how a comapny can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies create a platform that allows individual customers to serve themselves in their own way, at their own pace, in their own time, according to their own tastes.

69
Q

Explain “Be Collaborative” in context of how a comapny can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies take advantage of the triple convergence to collaborate with the smartest, most efficient people you can find anywhere in the world.

70
Q

Explain “Get Regular X-rays” in context of how a comapny can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies constantly identify and strengthen their niches and outsource the stuff that is not very differentiating.

71
Q

Explain “Outsource to Win” in context of how a company can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies outsource to acquire knowledge talent to grow their business faster, not simply to cut costs and cut back.

72
Q

Explain “Be Socially Responsible” in context of how a company can remain competitive.

A

This is where companies pioneer socially responsible outsourcing where it’s not just about]saving money they can invest somewhere else, it’s about creating better lives for some of the poor citizens of the world.

73
Q

What is the “Unflat World”?

A

These are the issues in holding the world back from becoming truly flat.

74
Q

What are the issues of the “Unflat World”?

A
  1. Too Sick
  2. Too Disempowered
  3. Too Frustrated
  4. Too Many Toyotas
75
Q

Explain the issue of “Too Sick” in context of the Unflat World.

A

These are people who are too sick, whose lives are stalked everyday by HIV-AIDS, malaria, TB, and polio, and who do not even enjoy steady electricity or potable water.

76
Q

Explain the issue of “Too Disempowered” in context of the Unflat World.

A

These are people who don’t have the tools or the skills or the infrastructure to participate in any meaningful or sustained way with the flat world.

77
Q

Explain the issue of “Too Frustrated” in context of the Unflat World.

A

These are people who are threatened, frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact with the flat world, which, among other things, makes it very easy for people to see where they stand in the world vis-a-vis everyone else.

78
Q

Explain the issue of “Too Many Toyotas” in context of the Unflat World.

A

This is where the flattening of the world will set off a global struggle for natural resources and junk up, heat up, garbage up, smoke up, and devour up our little planet faster than at any time in the history of the world.

79
Q

What is the “Globalization of the Local”?

A

This is the phenomenon that allows diaspora communities around the world to use today’s global media networks to cling to their local mores, news, traditions, and friends—no matter where they are living.

It is not the global which comes and envelops us. It is the local which goes global.

80
Q

What is the Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention?

A

This is the theory that no two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain, like Dell’s, will ever fight a war against each other as long as both are part of the same global supply chain.

81
Q

What are the Three Eras of Globalization?

A
  1. Country (1492 - 1800) => Large
  2. Company (1800 - 2000) => Medium
  3. Individual (> 2000) => Small
82
Q

What are the critical skills for the workforce of 2020?

A
  1. Sense-making
  2. Social Inteliggence
  3. Novel & adaptive thinking
  4. Cross-cultural competency
  5. Computational thinking
  6. New media literacy
  7. Transdisciplinarity
  8. Design mindset
  9. Cognitive load management
  10. Virtual collaboration
83
Q

Explain “sense-making” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Determining the deeper meaning or significance of what’s being expressed.

84
Q

Explain “social intelligence” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Connecting to others and sensing and stimulating reactions.

85
Q

Explain “novel and adaptive thinking” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Thinking and coming up with creative solutions.

86
Q

Explain “cross-cultural competency” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Operating in diffirent cultural settings

87
Q

Explain “computational thinking” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Translating vast amounts of data into abstract concepts and understanding data-based reasoning.

88
Q

Explain “new media literacy” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Leveraing, critically assessing, and developing content using new media forms.

89
Q

Explain “transdisciplinarity” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Understanding concepts across multiple disciplines.

90
Q

Explain “design mindset” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Representing and developing tasks and work processes for desired outcomes.

91
Q

Explain “cognitive load management” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Discriminating and filtering for important information and mastering new tools to manage it.

92
Q

Explain “virtual collaboration” in the context of the critical skills for the workforce in 2020.

A

Working productively, driving engagement, and being present as a member of a virtual team.

93
Q

Explain the purpose driven economy.

A

The quest for people to have more purpose in their lives. It is an economy where value lies in establishing purpose for employees and customers – through serving needs greater than their own, enabling personal growth and building community.

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