The Working Memory Model

Question 1

Who devised the working memory model (WMM)?

Answer 1

Baddeley & Hitch (1975).

Question 2

What component of the WMM was added in 2000?

Answer 2

Episodic buffer.

Question 3

The role of the WMM is to temporarily ________ and manipulate ________ being used.

Answer 3

Store, information.

Question 4

What part of the multi store model is the WMM exclusive to?

Answer 4

STM.

Question 5

The WMM (STM) is not ________.

Answer 5

Unitary.

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Information in WMM (STM) is still fragile. It is susceptible to:

Answer 7

-Distractions (someone talking to you while you try to remember a number).
-Overload (a long list of items).
-Overwork (complicated calculations).

Question 8

What are the four components of WMM?

Answer 8

-Central Executive.
-Phonological Loop.
-Visio-Spatial Sketchpad.
-Episodic Buffer (added in 2000).

Question 9

What is the capacity of Central Executive?

Answer 9

Limited capacity.

Question 10

What is the capacity of Phonological Loop?

Answer 10

Limited capacity.

Question 11

What is the capacity of Visio-Spatial Sketchpad Executive?

Answer 11

Limited capacity.

Question 12

What is the coding of Central Executive?

Answer 12

Processes information to any sensory system (five senses).

Question 13

What is the coding of Phonological Loop?

Answer 13

Inner ear, inner voice.

Question 14

What is the coding of Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?

Answer 14

Inner eye.

Question 15

What are the two sub-components of Phonological Loop?

Answer 15

-Primary Acoustic Store (PAS)- inner ear.
-Articulatory Process (AP)- inner voice.

Question 16

What is the Central Executive?

Answer 16

The component that overseas and co-ordinates the components of the WMM. It allocates information to the slave systems (Phonological Loop & Visio-Spatial Sketchpad).

Question 17

What is the Phonological Loop?

Answer 17

The component that deals with auditory information.

Question 18

What is the Visio-Spatial Sketchpad?

Answer 18

The component that deals with visual information and physical relationship with items (spatial information).

Question 19

What does the Primary Acoustic Store do (in the Phonological Loop)?

Answer 19

Holds information that is heard.

Question 20

What does the Articulatory Process do (in the Phonological Loop)?

Answer 20

Keeps information through sub-vocal repetition.

Question 21

What did Baddeley & Hitch say about dual task performance?

Answer 21

People can perform two tasks at the same time AS LONG AS the tasks use different WMM components.
However, if they are using the same parts of the same component, processing will slow down (as they’ll be competing for the limited resources of the same sub-component).

Question 22

What is the Episodic Buffer?

Answer 22

A temporary store that integrates information from different components to create a unified memory store.

Question 23

What does the Episodic Buffer do?

Answer 23

Links WMM to LTM.

Question 24

What is the case study that supports dual task performance?

Answer 24

Baddeley et al (1975)- la la experiment.

Participants were asked to say ‘la la’ when reading a particular extract.
Participants couldn’t recall what they had just read.

Question 25

What happened in KF’s case study (LTM & STM)?

Answer 25

LTM: no problem.
STM: remembered visual information, forgot verbal information.

Question 26

How does KF’s case study support WMM?

Answer 26

Shows that STM isn’t unitary, and that it has several sub-components.

Question 27

How does KF’s case study contradict the multi-store model?

Answer 27

Makes the multi-store model seem oversimplified.

Question 28

What are evaluation points for WMM?

Answer 28

-Baddeley (1975) were conducted in a lab.
+Controls extraneous variables, establishing cause-and-effect.
-Ecological validity, decreasing validity of results.

-Use of trivial tasks (e.g. Baddeley et al (1975))- not an everyday activity.
-KF’s case study.