The working cell- Week 5 Flashcards
Energy
the capacity to cause change or do work
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
principle of conservation of energy
matter can’t be created or destroyed- it can only be converted from one type to another- heat is lost during the conversion
potential energy
the energy an object has because of its location or structure
heat
type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules
entropy
a measure of the amount of disorder, or randomness in a system
chemical energy
form of potential energy that arises from the arrangement of atoms- can be released by a chemical reaction
calorie
the amount of energy that can raise the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius
Are the molecules we obtain from food used directly as fuel for our cells?
NO- the chemical energy released by the breakdown of organic molecules during digestion are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP- the energy currency of the cell
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
Where do we find the energy within a molecule of ATP?
Within the bonds in the triphosphate tail
Is ATP a renewable resource in the body?
YES- a phosphate group is released by ATP when energy is needed and is picked up by an ADP molecule to store energy for later use.
metabolism
the total of all the chemical reactions in the body
enzymes
proteins that speed up a chemical reaction
activation energy
the energy that must be invested to start a reaction
substrate
the name for a reactant that will bind to an enzyme
active site
a region on the enzyme that has a shape and chemistry that fits a particular substrate
induced fit
the interaction between a substrate and enzyme in which the substrate fits into the active site on the enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape slightly, thus creating a better fit
passive transport
movement of materials along their concentration gradient without the need for energy
concentration gradient
A difference in the ‘density’ (or concentration) of a chemical substance within a given area. When a concentration gradient exists, these chemical substances will tend to move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.
diffusion
type of passive transport in which substances move or spread evenly in the available space
facilitated diffusion
a type of passive transport in which the movement of substances along its concentration gradient is aided by specific transport proteins in the cell membrane
osmosis
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
