The working cell- Week 5

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

the capacity to cause change or do work

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

the energy of motion

Question 3

principle of conservation of energy

Answer 3

matter can’t be created or destroyed- it can only be converted from one type to another- heat is lost during the conversion

Question 4

potential energy

Answer 4

the energy an object has because of its location or structure

Question 5

heat

Answer 5

type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

a measure of the amount of disorder, or randomness in a system

Question 7

chemical energy

Answer 7

form of potential energy that arises from the arrangement of atoms- can be released by a chemical reaction

Question 8

calorie

Answer 8

the amount of energy that can raise the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 9

Are the molecules we obtain from food used directly as fuel for our cells?

Answer 9

NO- the chemical energy released by the breakdown of organic molecules during digestion are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP- the energy currency of the cell

Question 10

ATP

Answer 10

adenosine triphosphate

Question 11

ADP

Answer 11

adenosine diphosphate

Question 12

Where do we find the energy within a molecule of ATP?

Answer 12

Within the bonds in the triphosphate tail

Question 13

Is ATP a renewable resource in the body?

Answer 13

YES- a phosphate group is released by ATP when energy is needed and is picked up by an ADP molecule to store energy for later use.

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

the total of all the chemical reactions in the body

Question 15

enzymes

Answer 15

proteins that speed up a chemical reaction

Question 16

activation energy

Answer 16

the energy that must be invested to start a reaction

Question 17

substrate

Answer 17

the name for a reactant that will bind to an enzyme

Question 18

active site

Answer 18

a region on the enzyme that has a shape and chemistry that fits a particular substrate

Question 19

induced fit

Answer 19

the interaction between a substrate and enzyme in which the substrate fits into the active site on the enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape slightly, thus creating a better fit

Question 20

passive transport

Answer 20

movement of materials along their concentration gradient without the need for energy

Question 21

concentration gradient

Answer 21

A difference in the ‘density’ (or concentration) of a chemical substance within a given area. When a concentration gradient exists, these chemical substances will tend to move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

Question 22

diffusion

Answer 22

type of passive transport in which substances move or spread evenly in the available space

Question 23

facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

a type of passive transport in which the movement of substances along its concentration gradient is aided by specific transport proteins in the cell membrane

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 25

solute

Answer 25

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 26

osmoregulation

Answer 26

the control of water balance in a cell

Question 27

hypotonic solution

Answer 27

When animal cells are placed in this type of a solution, water will flow into the cell, possibly resulting in lysis of the cell

Question 28

hypertonic solution

Answer 28

When plant cells are placed in this type of a solution, water will flow out of the cell, causing the plant cells to wilt.

Question 29

isotonic solution

Answer 29

When cells are placed in this type of solution, there is an equal amount of water entering and leaving the cell

Question 30

active transport

Answer 30

type of cellular transport in cells that requires a cell to expend energy (usually ATP) to move molecules across a membrane

Question 31

exocytosis

Answer 31

a form of vesicle-mediated active transport that involves moving substances OUT of the cell

Question 32

endocytosis

Answer 32

a form of vesicle-mediated active transport that involved moving liquids (pinocytosis) or other particles such as bacteria (phagocytosis) INTO a cell.