The Working Cel (Ch. 5)

Question 0

Kinetic energy

Answer 0

A basic form of energy that is energy of motion.

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The capacity to perform work. Work is performed when an object is moved against an opposing force.

Question 2

Heat

Answer 2

Is a form of kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules.

Question 3

Light

Answer 3

Another kind of kinetic energy can be harnessed to perform work. (Such as photosynthesis

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

A basic form of energy that is stored energy that an object possesses as a result if it’s location or structure.

Question 5

Chemical energy

Answer 5

Term that refers to the potential energy available fit release in a chemical reaction.

Question 6

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

Also known as the law of energy conversation, energy in the universe is constant. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 7

The second law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

Energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe.

Question 8

Entropy

Answer 8

Chaos

Question 9

Exergonic reaction

Answer 9

Chemical reaction that releases energy. Begins with reactants whose covalent bonds contain more energy than those in the products. The reaction releases to the surroundings an amount of energy equal to difference in potential energy between the reactants.

Question 10

Cellular respiration

Answer 10

Is a chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored on fuel molecules to a form of chemical energy that the cell can use to perform work. Is Exergonic

Question 11

Endergonic reaction

Answer 11

Yield products that are rich in potential energy. Start out with reactant molecules that contain relatively little potential energy. Energy is absorbed from the surroundings as the reaction occurs, so the products of an endergoinc reaction store more energy than the reactants did. The energy is potential energy stored in the covalent bond of product molecules.

Question 12

Photosynthesis

Answer 12

Process by which plant cells make sugar. Is endergoinc. Starts with energy poor reactants using absorbed sunlight produces energy rich sugar molecules.

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

Adenine, nitrogenous base, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups.

Question 14

Energy of activation

Answer 14

Amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

Proteins that function as biological catalysts, increasing the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction