The Work Of Individuals Flashcards
Galen
Lived during the medieval ages(1250-1500)
His big ideas were the theory of opposites and he made detailed diagrams of the human anatomy, using knowledge he gained from operating on wounded gladiators.
He was important because he developed Hippocrates’ ideas and he wrote medical books that were used for medical training and it developed knowledge of he human body.
Vesalius
He worked in the Renaissance era(1500-1700)
His big ideas were about the understanding of the human body. He proved some of galens work incorrect which encouraged others to challenge Galen.
He was important because his studies became central to the study of medicine and he inspired others to make further discoveries and dissections.
William Harvey.
1500-1700
Harvey proved Vesalius was right, using dissected bodies and pumps that showed blood only flowed one way.
He taught the importance of doctors observing and recording patients symptoms, rather than relying on textbooks for diagnosis and treatment.
Thomas Sydenham
1660-1670s
His big idea was that disease had nothing to do with the nature of the person who had it. He based treatment on the disease as a whole and didn’t treat individual symptoms.
He was instrumental in the ideas of how to deal with disease and what was the cause of diseases
Edward Jenner
1700-1900
His big ideas were that he proved that scientific methods could lead to a disease being wiped out. This occurred when he used a young boy as a subject to inject a dose of cowpox then six weeks later infected him with smallpox and this worked with the boy not developing small pox.
He gave a new approach to prevention through vaccination.
Florence Nightingale
1700-1900
Her big ideas were that she believed miasma caused disease, so she emphasised on hygiene, fresh air, good supplies and training for nurses.
Her approach lowered the death rate at Scutari hospital from 47% to 2% and she made nursing a respectable job for women.k
James Simpson
1847
James Simpson discovered chloroform as an anaesthetic which reduced pain during child birth.
This was important as he promoted its use for surgery and for childbirth. He was knighted for his services and helped surgery and child birth run smoother.
Joseph lister
In 1865 the problem of infection was overcome.
He learned that carbolic acid kills parasites so he began to soak bandages in the carbolic acid to avoid wounds getting infected.
This was important as it stopped wounds and equipment getting infected. He also invented a spray to kill germs in the air. This made his wards infection free for 9 months.
John snow
Outbreak of cholera in 1854 prompted John snow to investigate.
He discovered that cholera was spread through contaminated drinking water, not by miasma.
Snow presented his findings to the House of Commons which helped link dirty water and diseased and led to the public health act in 1875.
Louis Pasteur
In 1861, Louis Pasteur published his discovery of the germ theory.
He proved that germs in the air caused decay which lead to a theory that germs caused disease.
This he,led advance knowledge of bacteria and disease and led to improving cures and preventing many diseases.
Robert Koch
Robert koch developed the work of Pasteur by identifying the different microbes that caused common individual diseases.
After studying microbes, in:
1876- he discovered bacteria caused anthrax
1882- discovered bacteria caused tuberculosis
1883- discovered cholera
He saved thousands of lives with his discoveries from tb and cholera and proved pasteur’s theory correct about microbes causing disease and decay.
