The widening of the Cold War Flashcards
Who was the emporer of Japan at the time of Japanese surrender in WWII and what happened to him?
Emporer Hitohito also known as Emporer Showa
He remained as the titular head of government
Who was the US general that was given decision making power in Japan?
General Douglas MacArthur
What were the three key stages in US-Japan relationships?
1) Intitial attempt to reform
2) Economic reconstruction (reverse course)
3) Peace treaty and Bilateral security agreement
What were the four forms that intial reform in Japan took place in?
NOT the 4D’s
Democratisation
Demilitarisation
Reeducation
Economic reform
How was Japanese society democratised by the US during post WWII intial reform?
Women were given the vote
Labour unions were allowed to be created
Key right wing parties were re-established
Why might the democratisation of Japan not entirely be democratic?
3 points
- Key right wing party memebers were put through shorter periods of rehabilitation and key right wing parties were establsihed faster
- Communist sympathisers were removed out from key administrative postions
- Labour unions were later supressed as communist influence in Asia increased with the PLA turning China communist
How was Japan demiliterised by the US during post WWII intial reform?
2 points
- Wartime leaders stood for warcrimes and 7 were executed
- Japan was forced to renounce it’s right to wage war
How was Japan Reeducated by the US during post WWII intial reform?
The elitist education system was replaced with a system resembling the one in US.
How was Japan economically reformed by the US during post WWII intial reform?
- Reformed land reducing number of tenant farmers from 46% to 10%
- Broke up the monopoly that major business families called Zaibatsu had in industries allowing economic growth
What was the reverse course?
A shift of US policy from attempting to punish Japan to attempting to rebuild it economically
What is the name of the new Japanese budget introduced under the reverse course and how much of a surplus did it have?
The super balance budget
157 million yen
approximately $4 million
Who were the two people that designed this budget?
Ikeda Hayato and Joseph Dodge
What were some measures introduced to reconstruct the Japanese economy?
- A blalanced budget
- Reformation of taxation
- Increased trade regulation
- Price controls
What was the formal peace treaty between Japan and the US called and when was it?
San Fracisco Peace Treaty
1951
What did the SFPT do?
if you don’t get the abbreviation you are a retard
Forced Japan to give up claims on teritories it captured during WWII
Considered USA and Japan soverign equals
What did the SFPT not do?
5 points
It did not recognise Japanese responsibility in WWII
It did not demand reparations from Japan to East Asain countries
It did not restrict the future Japanese political model
It did not restrict future Japanese re-armement
It did not restrict the Japanese economy
Why were the US forced to agree to the SFPT?
Emerging threat in Asia following the Sino - Soviet alliance in 02/1950
What was the other agreement signed alongside the SFPT called?
Bilateral security agreement
What was agreed in the bilateral security agreement between USA and Japan?
4 points
1)USA could use Japanese military bases in an unrestricted manner
2)USA would have full control over the islands of Okinanwa
3)USA would have right to interfere during Japanese internal problems
4)USA would have the power to veto Jpaanese decions providing military bases to other conutries
When was the Japanese military re-established?
What was it called?
1952
National Safety Agency
What was the name of the party which had control over China following the end of the second world war?
What was the name of it’s leader
the Guomindang (soemtimes called the KMT)
Jiang Jieshi ( Chang Kai-Shek)
How did Jieshi gain control of china following the WWII.
The USA ordered the japanese troop to only surrender to the KMT(not surrender areas to the CCP)
Stalin agreed to give the KMT control of Manchuria in return for some concessions
How did Jieshi lose control of China?
Jieshi lost public support from key cities
This was due to
* Loss of life due to the civil war
* Heavy inflation
* Rapid reform which brought his own men into positions of power
How did Stalin support the CCP?
Pulled out of Manchuria allowing the CCP to take control of it
Trained CCP troops utilizing Soviet personnel
What was the policy of the US for China during the latter part of the Chinese civil war?
Truman ditanced himself from China as he realised the only way a favourable resolution could be emerged was through direct military intervention
where did Jieshi and his KMT flee to?
Taiwan
When did China form a mutual alliance with the USSR?
1949
Why was the Sino-Soviet alliance dangerous to the US?
Could create a domino effect turning other Asian countries communist
Isolate Japan economically
Which countries were stated as the border of the stratergic defence perimeter?
The Aleutian islands
Japan
Ryuku islands
which important countries were not included in the stratergic defence perimeter?
Vietnam
South Korea
When was the Sino-Soviet mutual treaty of friendship?
02/1950
When was the defence perimeter stratergy created?
01/1950
What was the review of US cold war stratergy following the ending of US nuclear monopoly called?
National Security Council Resolution 68
NSC-68
What was the primary focus of NSC-68?
Globalisation of the Cold War
What was the key statement made in NSC-68?
Offered support towards non Soviet states to withstand Soviet aggression
Increasing military readiness including increased military spending
When was the Korean peninsula divided into two parts?
At Potsdam
06-07/1945
Along which line was the Korean penisula divided?
38th parallel
When did the USA create the people’s republic of Korea?
August 1948
When did the USSR create the democratic people’s republic of Korea?
September 1948
Who was the leader of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
Who was the leader of North Korea?
Kim Ill Sung
What were the four points utilized by Ill SUng in order to convince Stalin and Mao to support the invasion of South Korea.
It would be a rapid and decisive victory
There was already communist support in the South (200,000 people)
There was already an extensive guerilla force operating in the South
The USA would not have time to intervene in the war
When did Ill Sung first ask Stalin to support an assualt against South Korea?
March 1949
Why did Stalin initially refuse Ill Sung’s request for the USSR to support North Korea in an assualt South?
He was aware of a small US force of about 7500 personnel in the South
What were some limitations of the super balanced budget?
Intially led to increased unemployment due to business closures
Why did Stalin agree to support North Korea in an invasion in 1950?
The USSR now had nuclear weapons
Communism was better defined in Asia as China had turned communist
South Korea was not included in the recently published stratergic defence perimeter
What were Stalin’s aims in supporting North Korea in its invasion?
A united communist Korean state would put pressure on Japan, the primary US ally in asia
The USSR did not want China to solely support North Korea as that would undermine USSR’s position as the global leader of communism
How did Stalin aid North Korea?
Provided 1600 pieces of artillery
178 military aircrafts
and 258 T-34 tannks
When was the first phase of the Korean War?
June to September 1950
What happened during the first phase of the Korean war?
Invasion begins and South Korean forces pushed back to Busan (upto the Busan permieter)
29 countries commit to aid for South Korea
When was the second phase of the Korean war?
September to November 1950
What happened during the second phase of the Korean war?
MacArthur lands at Inchon
Chinese forces enter Korea acriss the Yalu river
When was the third phase of the Korean War?
December 1950 to June 1951
What were major events during the third phase of the Korean war?
January - Chinese forces capture Seoul
February - The UN condemns China as an agressor
MacArthur dismissed by Truman (he wanted to nuke the north)
June - USA indicates willingness for a ceasefire
When was the fourth phase of the Korean war?
June 1951 to July 1953
What happened during the fourth phase of the Korean War?
The lack of UN intervention convinced Mao and Stalin thst the US truly wanted peace
What was the armistice signed between North and South Korea called?
The Panmunjom armistice
What were some clauses of the Panmunjom armistice
A 2km demiliterised zone
All armies retreating to their respective teritories
Exchange (repatriation)of POW’s
When did Stalin die
March 1953
Who was Stalin immediately replaced with and how did this change aid the end of the Korean war?
Georgy Malenkov
He was much more cooperative than Stalin
when was NSC-68
April 1950
