The whole topic Flashcards
i coudlnt work out a way to break it down :D
define knowledge economy
The economy based on financial, services, law, advertising and the media
define young dependant
The ratio of the number of young people at an age when they are generally economically inactive (under 15), compared to to the number of people of working age (15-64)
define economically active
Those in employment plus those who are seeking for employment
define elderly dependant
the ratio between the elderly population and the working age (15-64 years) population.
define rural-urban continuum
The spectrum which moves from a large city or conurbation to countryside areas.
define urban sprawl
the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns
define suburbanised
Decentralisied withdrawn from the centre of a town/city
define dormitory suburbs
residential areas which are primarily homes for commuters
explain the north and south divide
North England:
In the North East a slower population growth has resulted in a decline of traditional industries such as coal mining, leading to families moving elsewhere for work.
South England:
In the south east of England London’s booming economy led to rapid internal migration. Longer life expectancy in the south due to improved healthcare. Expanding knowledge of the economy has led to an influx of highly qualified workers.
define rural urban fringe
a blurred boundary between the countryside and city
define suburbanised
where the suburbs on the outer edge grows outwards as new homes and services are built to accommodate more people
define social clustering
a preference for living close to people you wish to be with
define cultural change
the modification of a society through innovation, invention, discovery or contact with other societies
define assimilation
The process by which people of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds come to interact and intermix, free of constraints in the life of the larger community or nation
define ethnicity
cultural heritage shared by a group of people that sets them apart from others
how are settlement patterns determined
by easy accessibility of key cities and deliberate government policies.
why did the government need to employ labour from overseas post WW2
labour shortages in the Uk textile factories, transport systems and NHS led Government to sponsor jobs advertisement overseas
how did the government policies increase the amount of immigrants in the UK POST WW2
Black afro caribbean began arriving, from west indies because of overseas advertisement
Where did the immigrants employed by the NHS post ww2 settle
Most settled in Brixton, catford, stonebridge and tottenham
what are the undesirable characteristics of rural living
Limited social opportunities
Remoteness
Limited range of services
Population characteristics
High transport costs
what are the negatives of rural living for commuter villages
for youth, adults, elderly
Youth: parents busy with work
Adults: the rising costs of houses
Elderly: high costs of houses increasing number of commuters
what are the positives of rural living for commuter villages
for youth, adults, elderly
youth : good schools, and plenty of friends
Adult: pleasant location in which to live and bring up family
Elderly: good access to social services
what are the negatives of retirement villages in rural areas
Elderly are forced to travel further to access the services they need
Living in rural areas is highly independent
Rural homes aren’t always suitable for older generations
Moving away from friends and family is extremely isolating
Tension in communities bad for newcomers
what are the positives of retirement villages in rural areas
Transport such as buses have free bus travel after you turn a certain age
Housing is attractive
Steps are being taken to extend broadband to remote areas ]most rural areas do have their clubs, groups and societies
why is there significant migration between the north and south of england
the economic depression of the 1930s which hit the northern industrial regions causing high unemployment and made families move to the south for a better quality of life.
define suburbanisation
people moving from inner cities to the suburbs
how will counterurbanisation reverse north-south drift
people began moving out of UK cities to live and work in smaller urban settlements, it is hoped that this process will gradually neutralise the north-south drift.
define assimilation
the process by which people of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds come to interact and intermix free of constraints in the life of the larger community or nation
define enclave
a group of people surrounded by a group or groups of entirely different people
what are the 2 possible reasons for spatial segregation of minority groups
external factors
internal factors
what are external factors of spatial segregation
such as availability of cheaper housing, this is the host population facing segregation
what are internal factors of spatial segregation
the wish of minority groups to segregate themselves living close together as a group offers protection + security
what are the economic indicators that assess social progress
unemployment rate
% on minimum wage
household income
dwelling tenure
social benefits
type of unemployment
define social progress
The idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political, and economic structures. Social progress may be measured in terms such as levels of poverty and deprivation, educational attainment or socio-economic advancement.
what are the demographic indicators of social progress
There are 7
total population
rate of population
migration balance
age structure
Family Size
Ethnic Mix
Life expectancy
what are the ethnic indicators
Places of worship
Restaurants- ethnic cuisines
Grocery stores - ethnic foods
Clothe shops - traditional clothing
Social clubs
Cultural festivals and ceremonies
Cinemas showing ethnic films
Non english signboards and advertising
Non english newspaper and magazines
define yuppie
young fashionable middle class person with a well paid job
define social housing
accommodation at affordable rents to people on low incomes.
TRUE or FALSE is competition for space worse in urban areas
TRUE!
The competition for living spaces is much greater in urban areas in rural
why is competition for space increasing
Most urban areas in the Uk are expanding, this creates an incredible demand for more space for new housing, services, retailing, industry and office parks
who are the 4 housing sectors
4 housing sectors compete for space:
Owner-occupiers
Property developers
Housing associations providing affordable housing
Local authorities providing social housing
what is the urban reality
low environmental quality
crime rates
social isolation
ethnic diversity
high cost of living
the elderly
