The whole topic Flashcards

i coudlnt work out a way to break it down :D

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1
Q

define knowledge economy

A

The economy based on financial, services, law, advertising and the media

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2
Q

define young dependant

A

The ratio of the number of young people at an age when they are generally economically inactive (under 15), compared to to the number of people of working age (15-64)

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3
Q

define economically active

A

Those in employment plus those who are seeking for employment

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4
Q

define elderly dependant

A

the ratio between the elderly population and the working age (15-64 years) population.

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5
Q

define rural-urban continuum

A

The spectrum which moves from a large city or conurbation to countryside areas.

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6
Q

define urban sprawl

A

the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns

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7
Q

define suburbanised

A

Decentralisied withdrawn from the centre of a town/city

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8
Q

define dormitory suburbs

A

residential areas which are primarily homes for commuters

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9
Q

explain the north and south divide

A

North England:
In the North East a slower population growth has resulted in a decline of traditional industries such as coal mining, leading to families moving elsewhere for work.

South England:
In the south east of England London’s booming economy led to rapid internal migration. Longer life expectancy in the south due to improved healthcare. Expanding knowledge of the economy has led to an influx of highly qualified workers.

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10
Q

define rural urban fringe

A

a blurred boundary between the countryside and city

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11
Q

define suburbanised

A

where the suburbs on the outer edge grows outwards as new homes and services are built to accommodate more people

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12
Q

define social clustering

A

a preference for living close to people you wish to be with

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13
Q

define cultural change

A

the modification of a society through innovation, invention, discovery or contact with other societies

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14
Q

define assimilation

A

The process by which people of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds come to interact and intermix, free of constraints in the life of the larger community or nation

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15
Q

define ethnicity

A

cultural heritage shared by a group of people that sets them apart from others

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16
Q

how are settlement patterns determined

A

by easy accessibility of key cities and deliberate government policies.

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17
Q

why did the government need to employ labour from overseas post WW2

A

labour shortages in the Uk textile factories, transport systems and NHS led Government to sponsor jobs advertisement overseas

18
Q

how did the government policies increase the amount of immigrants in the UK POST WW2

A

Black afro caribbean began arriving, from west indies because of overseas advertisement

19
Q

Where did the immigrants employed by the NHS post ww2 settle

A

Most settled in Brixton, catford, stonebridge and tottenham

20
Q

what are the undesirable characteristics of rural living

A

Limited social opportunities
Remoteness
Limited range of services
Population characteristics
High transport costs

21
Q

what are the negatives of rural living for commuter villages
for youth, adults, elderly

A

Youth: parents busy with work
Adults: the rising costs of houses
Elderly: high costs of houses increasing number of commuters

22
Q

what are the positives of rural living for commuter villages
for youth, adults, elderly

A

youth : good schools, and plenty of friends
Adult: pleasant location in which to live and bring up family
Elderly: good access to social services

23
Q

what are the negatives of retirement villages in rural areas

A

Elderly are forced to travel further to access the services they need
Living in rural areas is highly independent
Rural homes aren’t always suitable for older generations
Moving away from friends and family is extremely isolating
Tension in communities bad for newcomers

24
Q

what are the positives of retirement villages in rural areas

A

Transport such as buses have free bus travel after you turn a certain age
Housing is attractive
Steps are being taken to extend broadband to remote areas ]most rural areas do have their clubs, groups and societies

25
Q

why is there significant migration between the north and south of england

A

the economic depression of the 1930s which hit the northern industrial regions causing high unemployment and made families move to the south for a better quality of life.

26
Q

define suburbanisation

A

people moving from inner cities to the suburbs

27
Q

how will counterurbanisation reverse north-south drift

A

people began moving out of UK cities to live and work in smaller urban settlements, it is hoped that this process will gradually neutralise the north-south drift.

28
Q

define assimilation

A

the process by which people of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds come to interact and intermix free of constraints in the life of the larger community or nation

29
Q

define enclave

A

a group of people surrounded by a group or groups of entirely different people

30
Q

what are the 2 possible reasons for spatial segregation of minority groups

A

external factors
internal factors

31
Q

what are external factors of spatial segregation

A

such as availability of cheaper housing, this is the host population facing segregation

32
Q

what are internal factors of spatial segregation

A

the wish of minority groups to segregate themselves living close together as a group offers protection + security

33
Q

what are the economic indicators that assess social progress

A

unemployment rate
% on minimum wage
household income
dwelling tenure
social benefits
type of unemployment

34
Q

define social progress

A

The idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political, and economic structures. Social progress may be measured in terms such as levels of poverty and deprivation, educational attainment or socio-economic advancement.

35
Q

what are the demographic indicators of social progress

There are 7

A

total population
rate of population
migration balance
age structure
Family Size
Ethnic Mix
Life expectancy

36
Q

what are the ethnic indicators

A

Places of worship
Restaurants- ethnic cuisines
Grocery stores - ethnic foods
Clothe shops - traditional clothing
Social clubs
Cultural festivals and ceremonies
Cinemas showing ethnic films
Non english signboards and advertising
Non english newspaper and magazines

37
Q

define yuppie

A

young fashionable middle class person with a well paid job

38
Q

define social housing

A

accommodation at affordable rents to people on low incomes.

39
Q

TRUE or FALSE is competition for space worse in urban areas

A

TRUE!

The competition for living spaces is much greater in urban areas in rural

40
Q

why is competition for space increasing

A

Most urban areas in the Uk are expanding, this creates an incredible demand for more space for new housing, services, retailing, industry and office parks

41
Q

who are the 4 housing sectors

A

4 housing sectors compete for space:
Owner-occupiers
Property developers
Housing associations providing affordable housing
Local authorities providing social housing

42
Q

what is the urban reality

A

low environmental quality
crime rates
social isolation
ethnic diversity
high cost of living
the elderly