The Whole Thing

Question 1

What is the difference between animal rights and animal welfare?

Answer 1

Animal rights: a practical pursuit of applying morality to everyday situations involving animals; asserts that using animals for human gain is morally wrong; people that think humans should not use other species of animals for food, research, and/or companionship
Animal welfare: an academic field of study that seeks to determine how we should behave toward animals; asks how we should treat animals and provides a number of approaches; attempts to measure and guide practices when raising animals; people that think that non-human animals that are used for food, research, or companionship deserve a life worth living and should be well taken care of.

Question 2

What is a human-animal interaction or relationship?

Answer 2

Any relationship or interaction between a person and a non-human animal; can be positive, neutral, insignificant, or negative.

Question 3

What are ethics?

Answer 3

Principles that define good versus bad, right versus wrong, fair versus unfair, etc.

Question 4

What are the three ethical dimensions of animal use?

Answer 4

Personal ethics, social consensus ethics, and professional ethics.

Question 5

What are personal ethics?

Answer 5

Your view of what is right and wrong, good and bad, etc.
Ex: decision to eat meat or allowing pets into the house.

Question 6

What are social consensus ethics?

Answer 6

The view of the general population; often described by rules and laws.
Ex: social accountability and social responsibility; freedom to operate without impairing rights of others.

Question 7

What are professional ethics?

Answer 7

Principles that govern the behavior of a person or group in a business environment.
Ex: AVMA oath, ethical requirements for animal research

Question 8

What were the five freedoms of Brambell?

Answer 8

Turn around, stand up, lie down, stretch their limbs, groom themselves

Question 9

What are the generally accepted five freedoms today?

Answer 9

Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, or disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear and distress

Question 10

What are the five domains?

Answer 10

Nutrition, environment, health, behavior, affective state

Question 11

What are the two philosophies on natural living?

Answer 11

1. Naturalness is good for animal welfare only if it improves biological functioning of affective state.
2. Naturalness is inherently good for animal welfare.

Question 12

What are some indicators of poor health that may indicate poor welfare?

Answer 12

Low/high body condition score; high/early mortality; chronic or highly prevalent disease; injuries; poor hygiene; sickness behavior; poor growth rate or production

Question 13

What are the three overlapping areas of animal welfare?

Answer 13

Biological functioning (health, growth, and productivity); affective states (free of negative states and experiencing positive states); natural living (incorporating important aspects of nature into management)

Question 14

What is animal welfare assurance?

Answer 14

Methods for assuring the public that animals are well cared for.
Ex: laws/regulations, animal welfare assessments and audits, corporate programs, certification programs

Question 15

What are input and output-based tools to measure animal welfare on farms?

Answer 15

Input-based: food, housing, bedding, temperature, training
Output-based: milk production, fertility, health, normal behavior, BCS

Question 16

Why are fish, mice, and rats most commonly used for research?

Answer 16

Small and social (can be easily housed together); fast breeders (short gestation length); known genome and can genetically modify; less strict regulations around them

Question 17

Why are animals used in research?

Answer 17

To advance scientific understanding (basic research); as models to study disease and to develop potential treatments (applied research)

Question 18

What is an IACUC and what does it do?

Answer 18

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; includes scientists, a member of the public, and a veterinarian. Each IACUC must review animal use protocols, inspect animal facilities, investigate complaints, and report to a high ranking official of the organization.

Question 19

What are some biological functioning challenges in the dairy industry?

Answer 19

Neonate care, calf morbidity and mortality, heifer rate of development, mastitis, injuries, metabolic diseases

Question 20

What are some contentious issues in dairy production?

Answer 20

Tail docking, cow-calf separation, access to pasture, lack of movement

Question 21

What is the main challenge of box stalls for horses, and what are some solutions?

Answer 21

Abnormal behaviors (circling, weaving, cribbing).
Solutions: enrichment, social groups, goat companions, higher forage diet or more fiber in diet, more pasturing.

Question 22

What are some welfare challenges with working horses?

Answer 22

Poor education on equine care, inadequate diet, inadequate and poor-fitting equipment, inadequate foot care, poor horse handling, injuries

Question 23

Name some intentional direct methods of harm to wildlife.

Answer 23

Hunting, trapping, poaching, fishing, pest control, research, testing, raise & slaughter.

Question 24

Name some intentional indirect methods of harm to wildlife.

Answer 24

Rodenticides, poisons, bio-controls.

Question 25

Name some unintentional direct methods of harm to wildlife.

Answer 25

Agriculture (plowing), vehicle collisions, captivity (zoo, pet trade), buildings, windows, wind turbines, lights.

Question 26

Name some indirect unintentional methods of harm to wildlife.

Answer 26

Pollution, oil spills, climate change, deforestation, pesticides

Question 27

In exotic pet care, what are some challenges to the animals?

Answer 27

Inadequate nutrition due to lack of owner knowledge of specialized diets.
Behavioral restriction, boredom, and frustration due to inadequate social structure, space, and housing.
Inappropriate end-of-life options due to inadequate owner preparedness for cost

Question 28

In exotic pet care, what are some challenges to public health?

Answer 28

Uncontrolled release, escape/attack, zoonotic disease risk