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Grade 8 Science > The whole reveiw > Flashcards

The whole reveiw Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Homogeneous

A

The same in structure, quality, or kind.

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2
Q

Solubility

A

The mass of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a given temperature.

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3
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass in a certain unit of a substance (density equals mass divided by volume).

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4
Q

Average Density

A

The total mass of an object divided by the total volume.

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5
Q

Saturation Solution

A

A solution in which no more solute will dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature

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6
Q

Particle model

A
  1. All substances are made of tiny particles.
  2. All particles in a pure substances are the same.
  3. Particles have spaces between them.
  4. The particles are always in movement.
  5. The particles in a substances are attracted to one another.
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7
Q

Flow rate

A

The volume of fluid that passes a point in a pipe or tube in a certain amount of time.

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8
Q

Viscosity

A

The measure of how fast a fluid will flow; the thickness or thinness of a fluid.

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9
Q

Types of cells

A

Plant and animal

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10
Q

Difference between plant and animal cells.

A

Animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuoles. While plant cells have everything a animal cell has and also has a cell wall, and chloroplasts.

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11
Q

What is the digestive system in order.

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, out of body.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A
  • living organisms need energy
  • living organisms respond and adapt to their environment.
  • living organisms reproduce
  • living organisms grow
  • living organisms produce wastes
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13
Q

Selectively membrane

A

Allowing only certain materials to pass.

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14
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Made up of parts, or mixed.

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15
Q

Groupings of cells.

A

Cells-tissues-organs-systems-organisms

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16
Q

What is a permeable membrane?

A

Allowing materials to pass through.

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17
Q

What is a impermeable membrane?

A

Allowing no materials to pass through.

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18
Q

How does food and water get transport ed through plants?

A

Root hairs absorb the water into the roots that then go up the xylem to the rest of the plant. Food gets made in the leaves through the process of photosynthesis and is transported to the rest of the tree via the phloem.

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19
Q

Translucent

A

Allowing only some light to pass through, and the light that does pass through, is scattered.

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20
Q

Transparent

A

Allowing light to pass through.

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21
Q

Opaque

A

Allowing no light to pass through.

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22
Q

Reflection

A

The casting back of light from a surface.

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23
Q

Refraction

A

The bending of light when it travels from one medium to another.

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24
Q

What does density have to do with refraction?

A

When light travels through a more dense medium, it refracts more.

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25
Q

Convex lens.

A

A lens that is thicker in the middle than the edges; causing light rays to converge

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26
Q

Concave lens.

A

A lens that is thinner in the middle then its edges, causing light rays to diverge.

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27
Q

What are the parts of the eye?

A

Ciliary muscle, lens, iris, pupil, cornea, aqueous humour, vitreous humour, retina and optic nerve.

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28
Q

What is WHMIS?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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29
Q

Near-sighted.

A

Unable to see distant objects clearly. Double concave lens can fix this.

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30
Q

Far-sighted

A

unable to see close objects clearly. Can be fixed with a double convex.

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31
Q

Light spectrum

A

ROYGBIV

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32
Q

What are the 5 types of light?

A

Incandescent, Fluorescent, Phosphorescent, Chemiluminescent, and Bioluminescent

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33
Q

Frequency

A

The number of entire cycles completed by a vibrating object in a unit of time. Measured in hertz (Hz).

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34
Q

Amplitude

A

In a wave, the height of the crest and the depth of the trough.

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35
Q

Hertz

A

(Hz) A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.

36
Q

Simple machine disadvantages

A

Akward to use in some cases.

37
Q

Simple machine advantages.

A

Decreases effort, make something easier to do, are more convenient.

38
Q

Hydraulics

A

The transfer of energy through a fluid in a sealed system.

39
Q

Pneumatics

A

A system in which pressured gases are used to transit energy. Does not have to be a closed system.

40
Q

Compression of liquids and gasses.

A

Liquids do not compress, gases to compress.

41
Q

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

A

The comparison of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it. MA=Load force (FL) divided by Effort force (FE)

42
Q

Output and Input Work

A

Output: the work a machine does on a load.
Input: The total work you do on a machine

43
Q

Effort

A

The force supplied to any machine to produce a action.

44
Q

Force

A

Anything that causes a change in motion

45
Q

Distance

A

The longer the distance on a lever, the easier it is.

46
Q

Classes of Levers

A

Class 1, Eg, teeter-totter
Class 2, Eg, Wheelbarrow
Class 3, Eg, Hockey stick
(FLE)

47
Q

Pressure

A

The force acting over a certain area. P=F divided by A

48
Q

Water Table

A

In the ground, the level beneath which porous rocks are saturated with water.

49
Q

Porous Rocks

A

Rocks that allow water to pass through tiny gaps in between them.

50
Q

Continental Shelf

A

The gradually sloping area between a seacoast and the edge of an ocean basin.

51
Q

Continental Slope

A

A steep slope dividing a continental shelf from an ocean basin.

52
Q

Abyssal Plain

A

On the deep ocean floor, wide, open, flat plains between the high mountain ranges at the center and deep trenches at the edges

53
Q

Ocean Basins

A

Deep, wide depressions in earth’s surface that contain oceans

54
Q

Ocean Ridges

A

Long, undersea mountain ridges

55
Q

Trenches

A

Narrow, steep sided canyons running along some ocean floor margins.

56
Q

What are the purposes of a water dam?

A

To divert water and create energy.

57
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of a solvent (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane.

58
Q

What is the most common water source to the least common?

A

Oceans/seas (97.2%), Glaciers and Ice sheets (2.15%), Ground water (0.63%), then Rivers/Lakes/Ponds/ect (0.02%),

59
Q

Which countries have the most fresh water?

A

Brazil (18%), then Canada (9%), then China (9%), then USA (8%), then other countries (56%).

60
Q

Glacier

A

A large moving mass of snow and ice. They contain a lot of fresh water. Formed by snow being compressed by its own weight into ice. Create U shaped valleys.

61
Q

Ice field

A

An upland area of ice that feeds two or more glaciers.

62
Q

Valley Glacier

A

Glaciers that form in a mountain range.

63
Q

Continental Glacier

A

A huge mass of snow and ice.

64
Q

Ice Fall

A

Occurs when a glacier slides over a steep cliff and breaks up.

65
Q

Crevasse

A

A deep fissure or crack in the ice.

66
Q

What is glacial retreating?

A

When a glacier’s tip melts faster then it is growing.

67
Q

Pack Ice

A

Frozen salt-water sheets rarely thicker then 5m.

68
Q

How are Icebergs formed?

A

Icebergs are formed when large chances of ice calve from a continental glacier.

69
Q

Striations

A

Parallel scars or scratches left behind when a glacier passes by stone.

70
Q

Cirques

A

Bowl-shaped basins eroded by glaciers.

71
Q

Arete

A

A sharp ridge formed on the side of a mountain.

72
Q

Horn

A

A sharpened mountain peak formed by 3 or more cirques.

73
Q

Till

A

A mixture of different sized sediments left behind by a glacier.

74
Q

Morain

A

A long ridge of material left behind by a glacier.

75
Q

Esker

A

A winding ridge of sand and gravel

76
Q

Outwash

A

Material deposits by the meltwater of a glacier

77
Q

Water-cycle

A

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation,run-off or ground water.

78
Q

River flow rate

A

How much water is passing through a river at a certain time.

79
Q

Ocean currents

A

A broad, continuous movement of water in the ocean. Warm currents come from the equator and warm the air around them. Cold currents come from the far north and far south and can cause wind.

80
Q

Ocean biodiversity

A

Ocean life has the most diversity within the top 180 M from the surface.

81
Q

How do Caddisfly Larvae protect themselves in streams and rivers?

A

They build a small case around them out of sand and plant material.

82
Q

Potable water

A

Water that is safe to drink and use.

83
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

The process of making food using energy from chemical reactions.

84
Q

Sea floor vents.

A

A crack in the ocean floor that releases heat and minerals.

85
Q

Tides

A

The slow rise and fall of the ocean surface, caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

Grade 8 Science (1 decks)

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