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Pituitary Gland > The Whole Picture > Flashcards

The Whole Picture Flashcards

1
Q

What are effects of growth hormone?

A

Increases protein synthesis; stimulate cell division; stimulates cells to enlarge

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2
Q

Releasing and release, inhibiting hormones from the ________ reach the anterior pituitary through the hypophyseal portal veins

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

Somatotropin is more commonly known as what hormone?

A

Growth hormone

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4
Q

What is a portal system? 

A

A system of veins between two capillary beds

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5
Q

Somatotropes

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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6
Q

Mammatropes

A

PRL

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7
Q

Thyrotropes

A

TSH

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8
Q

Corticotropes

A

ACTH

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9
Q

Gonadotropes

A

FSH and LH

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10
Q

What are all molecular effects of growth hormone on target cells?

A

It increases the rate at which cells use fats as a source of energy; it stimulates liver cells to release glucose in the blood; it enhances the movement of amino acids across plasma membranes

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11
Q

The hypothalamus can release the hormone soma to statin, which…

A

Inhibit secretion of growth, hormone by the pituitary gland

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12
Q

Released by the anterior pituitary, the ________ hormone stimulates, cell division, increases proteins synthesis, and causes bone elongation.

A

Growth

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13
Q

Describe how secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland is controlled.

A

A combination of stimulating and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus controls prolactin levels

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14
Q

What is the role of prolactin?

A

It’s sustains milk, production after birth

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15
Q

What are target tissues of growth hormone?

A

Muscles; bones; adipose tissue

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16
Q

How does growth hormone affect the metabolism of most body cells?

A

It decreases the rate at which cells obtain and use glucose.

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17
Q

The hypothalamus secretes, prolactin inhibiting hormone, which has been identified as…

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

Does secretion of growth hormone vary during the day and if so, how?

A

Yes. Secretion of growth hormone peaks during sleep.

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19
Q

Muscle and bone cells, in particular, are targeted by…

A

Growth hormone

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20
Q

What controls prolactin secretion?

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

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21
Q

The hypothalamus can release the hormone somatostatin which…

A

Inhibit secretion of growth, hormone by the pituitary gland

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22
Q

The thyroid gland is the target organ of which hormone?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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23
Q

What would stimulate the release of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Decreased levels of thyroid hormone; increased levels of thyrotropin, releasing hormone (TRH)

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24
Q

Memory glands produce milk in response to stimulation by the hormone…

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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25
Q

Another name for the thyroid stimulating hormone is…

A

Thyrotropin

26
Q

The adrenal cortex is the largest organ of…

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)

27
Q

The hypothalamus secretes, prolactin inhibiting hormone, which has been identified as…

A

Dopamine

28
Q

The _________ regulates the secretion of ACTH by secreting corticotropin releasing hormone.

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

Which of the following organs contain the target cells of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Testes and ovaries

30
Q

What are the functions of FSH?

A

It stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens ; it promotes growth and development of egg containing follicles in the ovaries; it stimulates production of sperm cells in males

31
Q

What hormone promotes secretion of sex hormones in both males and females and is essential for the release of egg cells from the ovaries?

A

FSH

32
Q

What pituitary hormone controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

A

ACTH

33
Q

The hypothalamus secretes _______, which stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH.

A

GnRH

34
Q

What would result in an increased release of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

Increased stress levels; increased levels of corticotropin releasing hormone; decreased levels of adrenal, cortical hormones

35
Q

What hormone functions to stimulate estrogen secretion in the ovary and sperm production in the testes?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

36
Q

What is a function of luteinizing hormone?

A

It stimulates the secretion of sex, hormones in both sexes

37
Q

The hypothalamus secretes ______ releasing hormone, which controls the secretion of luteinizing hormone.

A

Gonadotropin

38
Q

The two hormones that are made by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary are ______ hormone and ________.

A

Antidiuretic; oxytocin

39
Q

Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin are synthesized in the ________. Nerve impulses caused their release from the ______ into the bloodstream.

A

Hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

40
Q

What are the functions of FSH?

A

It stimulates production of sperm cells in males; it promotes growth and development of egg containing follicles in the ovaries; it stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens

41
Q

The general term for any substance that increases urine production is…

A

Diuretic

42
Q

ADH is an ________ that targets the_______, conserving water.

A

Antidiuretic; kidneys

43
Q

What causes the release of ADH in oxytocin from the posterior pituitary?

A

Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus

44
Q

What is the effect of ADH?

A

It regulates the concentration of body fluids

45
Q

Vasopressin is also known as…

A

ADH

46
Q

ADH binds to two different types of receptors on two different target cells. As a result, it’s mechanism of action in the two types of target cells is different. What are the two mechanisms of action?

A

A second messenger system using cAMP; a second messenger system using inositol triphosphate

47
Q

Specific neurons, located in the brain, called ___________, since changes in the concentration of body fluids, and control, the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone.

A

Osmoreceptors

48
Q

What are the two effects of antidiuretic hormone or ADH?

A

Water retention; vasoconstriction

49
Q

What would cause an increased release of ADH from the pituitary gland?

A

Increased osmotic pressure in the blood; decreased water intake; decreased blood volume

50
Q

How does an anti-diuretic affect urine production?

A

It decreases it

51
Q

Drinking alcohol, inhibits the secretion of ADH. What happens as a result of that?

A

Increased urination

52
Q

What is another name for anti-diuretic hormone?

A

Vasopressin

53
Q

ADH binds to V1 receptors on ______ and V2 receptors on _______.

A

Smooth muscle and blood vessels; collecting ducts in kidneys

54
Q

What disorder is associated with ADH is in ability to conserve water through the kidneys, either due to a receptor defect or lack of ADH secretion?

A

Diabetes insipidus

55
Q

What would cause an increase in release of ADH?

A

Dehydration

56
Q

What are functions of oxytocin?

A

Stimulates uterine muscles to contract; stimulates mammary glands to release milk

57
Q

Oxytocin is a hormone that may be given intravenously during induction of labor to stimulate uterine contractions.

A

True

58
Q

Specific neurons, located in the brain, called _________, since changes in the concentration of body fluids and control, the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone.

A

Osmoreceptors

59
Q

What are some potential rules of oxytocin and males?

A

It may stimulate movement of fluids in the reproductive tract during sexual activity; it may play a role during penis erection; it may stimulate sperm motility during sexual activity

60
Q

What are thyroid follicles?

A

Sacs in the thyroid filled with thyroglobulin

Pituitary Gland (1 decks)

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