The Whole Picture

Question 1

What extraembryonic membrane gives rise to the umbilical blood vessels?

Answer 1

Allantois

Question 2

During development, the amniotic cavity enlarges to the point that the amnion presses against and fuses with thechorion. This results in the formation of the…

Answer 2

Amniochorionic membrane

Question 3

The external reproductive structures and ossification centers form during the ________ month of prenatal development.

Answer 3

Third

Question 4

Within the umbilical cord, the vessel that carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, is the umbilical…

Answer 4

Vein

Question 5

The structure that forms during the second week of development and functions to produce blood cells and precursors to the sex cells is the…

Answer 5

Yolk sac

Question 6

What is lanugo?

Answer 6

Fine, downy hair found on newborns

Question 7

Although slightly different in composition, fetal hemoglobin, and adult hemoglobin, had the same affinity for oxygen.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Which pituitary hormone promotes milk, production by memory glands.

Answer 8

Prolactin

Question 9

The release of milk from the breast is controlled by the Neuro endocrine reflex that stimulates contraction of what cell type?

Answer 9

Myoepithelial cells

Question 10

Identify the hormone secreted during pregnancy, that, when, at high levels, causes the ductile system of the memory glands to grow and branch.

Answer 10

Estrogens

Question 11

The clinical term for the birth process…

Answer 11

Parturition

Question 12

How do fraternal twins occur?

Answer 12

Fertilization of two separate oocytes

Question 13

The ______ is a membrane and closing the fluid filled space surrounding the developing embryo

Answer 13

Amnion

Question 14

The placenta arises from which extra embryonic membrane?

Answer 14

Amnion

Question 15

Using cholesterol as a starting material, the placenta synthesizes the hormone _______. This hormone is then converted to _________ by the embryonic adrenal glands.

Answer 15

Progesterone; estrogen

Question 16

Which structure, develop during the fourth week of gestation, is the precursor to the central nervous system?

Answer 16

Neural tube

Question 17

Blood from the right atrium to the fetal heart, bypasses the lungs and flows directly into the left atrium through the…

Answer 17

Foramen ovale

Question 18

Name the vessel, within the fetal circulation that provides a bypass from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit.

Answer 18

Ductus arteriosus

Question 19

During which period is the corpus luteum an important source of pregnancy hormones?

Answer 19

First trimester

Question 20

List two functions of placenta lactogen.

Answer 20

Prepares the memory glands for milk production; stimulates breast development

Question 21

At birth, increasing pressure in the left atrium leads to which structural change?

Answer 21

Closing at the foramen ovale

Question 22

Describe the prenatal period.

Answer 22

The prenatal period is from fertilization to birth.

Question 23

What is the amniochorionic membrane?

Answer 23

The membrane formed by the fusion of the chorion and amnion.

Question 24

What is fertilization?

Answer 24

Union of a sperm and a second oocyte

Question 25

The placenta arises from which extra embryonic membrane

Answer 25

Chorion

Question 26

What is the path of sperm cells, from ejaculation to the location of the secondary oocyte?

Answer 26

Vagina; cervix; uterus; uterine tube

Question 27

How do prostaglandins function in reproduction?

Answer 27

Prostaglandins stimulate muscle contraction in the vaginal walls, uterus, and uterine tubes.

Question 28

Why is the secretion of estrogen important during the first part of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

Estrogen production leads to the secretion of a thin, watery fluid, that promotes sperm transport and survival.

Question 29

How does progesterone affect the vaginal fluids during the latter part of the reproductive cycle (luteal phase)?

Answer 29

Progesterone causes the vaginal fluids to thicken, impeding sperm movement.

Question 30

What happens to a fetus that was conceived by two sperm cells, penetrating one secondary oocyte?

Answer 30

It would have gross abnormalities, and would not survive.

Question 31

Sperm cells are best able to fertilize an oocyte ______ hours after ejaculation.

Answer 31

24 to 48

Question 32

Fertilization is more likely to result, when sexual intercourse occurs _____ ovulation.

Answer 32

Within 24 hours after

Question 33

The enzyme that is associated with the sperm cell membrane, and functions to digest proteins within the Corna radiata, thus aiding the sperm and its attempt to penetrate an oocyte, is called…

Answer 33

Hyaluronidase

Question 34

What is the name of the glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte that the sperm cells must first bind to, and then digest in order to reach the oocyte?

Answer 34

Zona pellucida

Question 35

What is the function of the enzymes contained within the acrosome of a sperm cell?

Answer 35

To digest the material forming the zona pellucida

Question 36

How does an oocyte prevent fertilization by more than one sperm?

Answer 36

Enzymes are released by the oocyte that harden the zona pellucida

Question 37

In order for fertilization to occur, the head of ____ sperm cell needs to enter the secondary oocyte.

Answer 37

One

Question 38

When meiosis two of oogenesis, the small, non-viable daughter cell that is formed is called a…

Answer 38

Second polar body

Question 39

What would happen if more than one sperm cell fertilized a single oocyte?

Answer 39

The zygote would have too many chromosomes

Question 40

Prior to joining as fertilization completes, the organelles of the oocyte and the sperm, called ______ contain the genetic material contributed by each parent.

Answer 40

Pro nuclei

Question 41

A single celled, fertilized egg is known as a….

Answer 41

Zygote

Question 42

The condition in which a female is carrying an offspring in her uterus is called…

Answer 42

Pregnancy

Question 43

A normal _______ . Of development lasts approximately 38 weeks.

Answer 43

Prenatal

Question 44

When the pro nuclei of a sperm cell and a secondary oocyte join a _______ is formed.

Answer 44

Zygote

Question 45

The term that refers to the cell divisions that occur in the first three days after fertilization is…

Answer 45

Cleavage

Question 46

At what point does an embryo become a fetus?

Answer 46

At about eight weeks of development

Question 47

Which of the embryonic membranes develops into the fetal portion of the placenta?

Question 48

What makes a cell a target of a particular hormone?

Answer 48

The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

Question 49

What term describes the union of a sperm cell with a secondary oocyte?

Answer 49

Fertilization

Question 50

Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 50

Regulates water, and electrolyte balance; breaks down, nutrients; causes movement of muscles; delivers oxygen; regulates, metabolism; controls, reproduction and development; provide structure removes waste; regulates growth

Question 51

What is the correct sequence of stages during the cleavage period?

Answer 51

Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo

Question 52

The actions of which type of hormone involved cyclic AMP?

Answer 52

Non-steroid hormone

Question 53

At which stage of development does implantation occur?

Answer 53

Blastocyst

Question 54

The time from fertilization to birth is called the _________ and the time after birth is called the __________.

Answer 54

Prenatal; postnatal

Question 55

Which of the following is true about steroid hormone?

Answer 55

Steroid hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer

Question 56

Which of the following chemical classification of hormones is derived from cholesterol?

Answer 56

Steroids

Question 57

Which of the following statements is correct?

Answer 57

The endocrine system uses hormones while the nervous system uses neurotransmitters

Question 58

Peptides are formed from….

Answer 58

Amino acids

Question 59

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?

Answer 59

Oxytocin

Question 60

What group of cells within a goat are involved in the formation of the placenta?

Question 61

What term refers to the continuous process of change during the life of an individual?

Question 62

Which type of secretion enters the interstitial fluid and affects neighboring cells in the same tissue?

Answer 62

Paracrine secretion

Question 63

Sits on top of the kidney

Answer 63

Adrenal gland

Question 64

Found in the pelvis

Answer 64

Ovaries

Question 65

Attached to the small intestines

Answer 65

Pancreas

Question 66

Found in the neck

Answer 66

Thyroid gland

Question 67

Found in the brain

Answer 67

Pituitary gland

Question 68

Which of the following describes regulation of a hormone through negative feedback?

Answer 68

Rising levels of a hormone inhibits further secretion of the hormone

Question 69

What is the placenta membrane and what is its role?

Answer 69

Layer through which nutrients and gases are exchanged between embryonic and maternal blood

Question 70

What fetal structure shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta?

Answer 70

Ductus arteriosus

Question 71

Which type of gland secretes in hormones directly into blood or body fluids?

Answer 71

Endocrine gland

Question 72

A gland in Luis’s body is secreting its product into a duct that leads to a specific part of their body. What type of gland is this?

Answer 72

Exocrine gland

Question 73

Hormones are

Question 74

What is the most immediate need for a newborn?

Answer 74

To obtain oxygen

Question 75

Which primary germ layer gives rise to many of the mucous membranes, including those of the digestive, tract, respiratory tract, and urethra?

Answer 75

Endoderm