The Whole Chapter Flashcards
Defensive Taxtics
A system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements that criminal justice officers use to respond to a subject’s aggression or resistance
Apply strategies for optimal physical performance during a defensive tactic training program…
Eat healthy, enough rest, drink plenty of fluids, physical fitness, strength, agility, balance, flexibility
The role of defensive tactics is to assist the officer in…
Restraining or arresting a person
Front Fall (how it’s done)
●Loud, clear verbal commands
●Extend bent arms as a balance position
●Fall forward to a prone position; connecting the ground with the palms, forearms, and feet, turning your head to the side toward your chest
●Follow up with appropriate actions
Rear Fall (how it’s done)
●Loud clear verbal commands
●Tuck your chin in chest
●Squat and roll backwards
●Swing both arms at a 45°angle and strike the ground with palms
●Follow up with appropriate actions
Side Fall (how it’s done)
●Loud, clear verbal commands
●Tuck your chin to chest
●Squat and roll to one side
●Relax body
●Don’t land flat; roll after hitting the ground
●Swing the same side arm and strike the ground with the palm
●Follow up with appropriate actions
Prone Position (Define)
Lying on the stomach, face down
Foundation (how it’s done)
●Loud, clear verbal commands
●Prop the upper body off the ground (posting)
●Bend knees with feet on ground
●Keep free hand up in a defensive position
●Follow up with appropriate actions
Hip Escape/Shrimping (concept)
While on your back, it allows you to move from side to side to avoid or defend against an attack
Cardiovascular Training (Define)
Any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range of 60% to 80% of the maximum rate
776.F.S.
Governs all use of force by criminal justice officers
Section 776.05.F.S
Addresses the issue of an officer using force to make an arrest
(776.05.F.S)
The officer is justified in the use of any force:
- Believes to be necessary to defend themselves or another from bodily harm while making an arrest
- Necessarily committed in retaking felons who have escape
- Necessary committed in arresting felons from fleeing from justice
944.F.S
Addresses the use of force specifically by state Correctional and Correctional probation officers
945.F.S.
Establishes that the Department of Corrections has jurisdiction over the supervisory and protective care, custody, and control of inmates and offenders
Section 944.35.F.S (provides)
●To defend themselves against unlawful force
●Prevent a person from escaping
●Prevent damage to property
●Quell a disturbance
●Overcome physical resistance to lawful command
●Administer medical treatment
Objective Reasonable (concept)
Decide whether an officer’s use of force is a appropriate response to a subject’s resistance
Explain that subject resistance and officer response may change rapidly…
Criminal justice officers must make split-second judgements about the amount of force needed in a particular situation under circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and quickly changing.
Apply the legal authority for an officer’s response to a subject’s resistance…
It’s not about the amount of force used, but whether the use of force was permitted at all. Though the law grants criminal justice officers the right to use it, the right is condition on their official authority
Compliance (Define)
The verbal or physical yielding to an officer’s authority without apparent threat of resistance or violence
Escalation (define)
Increasing the use of force kr resistance
De-escalation (define)
Decreasing the use of force or resistance
Disengagement (define)
Discontinuing a command or physical use of force
Ex: breaking away from a subject
Explain how the injury potential to an officer may affect their response…
The officer’s choices are determined by the subject’s actions and the risk of physical harm posed to them or others. Once the officer gets controlled, they must de-escalate their use of force; sometimes disengagement may be the best tactical option.
Ex: when the officer is waiting for backup, because the officer is injured or outnumbered, or when the subject has superior firepower.
In all of the defensive tactics you employ, remember that the subject’s —— is your responsibility.
Safety
Force Guidelines (define)
Provides a framework for making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by criminal justice officers
Passive Resistance (define)
A subject’s verbal or physical refusal to comply with an officer’s lawful direction, causing the officer to use physical techniques to establish control
Examples of Passive Resistance
- The subject refuses to move at the officer’s direction
- The subject refuses to leave the vehicle or area
- The subject refuses to take their hands out of their pockets or from behind their backs
Active Resistance (define)
A subject’s use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer, such as bracing, tensing, pushing , or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject
Examples of Active Resistance
- The subject physically hangs on to a person or object to keep from being removed
- The subject braces or pulls away from the officer when the officer grips their arm
- The subject tries to run when the officer touches or tries to grab the subject’s arm or shoulder
Aggressive Resistance (define)
Is hostile, attacking movements that may cause injury but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others
Examples of Aggressive Resistance
- The subject balls up their fists and approaches the officer
- The subject pushes the officer back as the officer tries to take them into custody
- The subject grabs any part of the officer’s body
Deadly Force Resistance (define)
Is hostile, attacking movements with or without a weapon that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others
Examples of Deadly Force Resistance
- The subject refuses to drop a knife when ordered to by the officer and moves towards the officer
- The subject shoots or points a gun at an officer or other person
- The subject uses a vehicle to try to run down an officer
Try to resolve a situation with the —- amount of force necessary
Least
Officer Presence (define)
Is your ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that you are able and ready to take control
Command Presence (define)
Is your demeanor and the way you exhibit confidence through erect posture, alertness, and attention to surroundings
Physical Control (define)
Is achieving compliance or custody through the use of empty-hand or leverage-enhanced techniques, such as pain compliance, transporters, restraint devices, takedowns, and sticking techniques.
Less Lethal Weapon (define)
Not fundamentally designed to cause death or great bodily harm
Ex: electronic control device (ECD), conducted electrical weapons (CEW), expandable batons, flashlights, and chemical agent sprays
Deadly Force in relation to defensive tactics
It is likely to cause death or great bodily harm.
Could be a firearm, eye gouges, empty-hand strikes to the throat, and impact-weapon strikes to the side of the neck
Section 776.06.F.S
The term “deadly Force” means force that is likely ti cause death or great bodily harm
Section 776.07.F.S.
A correctional officer or other law enforcement officer is justified in the use of force, including deadly Force, which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to prevent the escape a penal institution of a person whom the officer reasonably believes to be lawfully detained in such institution under sentence for an offense or awaiting trail or commitment for an offense
What is needed to justify using Deadly Force?
Base your decision to use deadly force as a defensive tactic on a clear, reasonable belief that you, or another person facese imminent danger of death or great bodily harm
Section.943.1735.F.S.
Defines excessive use of force as force that exceeds the degree of force permitted by law, policy, or the observing officer’s employing agency
Identify the circumstances when an officer has the duty to intervene…
To intervene:
* Observe another officer engaging or attempting to engage, in excessive use of force
* Choose an intervention that is reasonable based on the totality of the circumstances
* Not jeopardize their own health or safety
Factors for deciding to use Deadly Force
- Ability
- Opportunity
- Intent
Ability (Deadly Force)
To the subject having the means to carry out their intent to cause death or great bodily harm
Opportunity (Deadly Force)
The subject is capable of acting on a plan to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others
Intent (deadly Force)
A subject’s intention to voluntarily make the bodily movements that becomes the act to commit a criminal offense
Totality of Circumstance (define)
A test that considers the overall facts of a situation to determine if you had the authority to detain someone for committing a crime or to perform a legal search.
Identify various situational factors that may influence the use of force
- severity of the crime
- Subject as an immediate threat
- Innocent bystanders who could be harmed
- Number of subjects versus number of officers
- Duration of confrontation
- Subject’s size, age, weight, and physical condition
- Officer’s size, age, weight, physical condition, and D-TACT expertise
- Environmental factors; physical terrain, weather conditions, etc.
If known by the officer: - Subject’s mental or psychiatric history
- Subject’s violent history
- Subject’s combative skills
- Subject’s access to weapons
Force of Guidelines- The Decision Making Process (4 steps)
- Subject Resistance
- Situational Factors
- Officer’s Response
- justification
To properly defend a use of force decision —- the basis for your decision to use force
You need to clearly articulate, or put into words
Survival Stress (define)
The body and mind’s response to a perceived threat
Explain how survival Stress affects confrontation between a subject and an officer…
The stronger you perceive the threat, the stronger your body and mind will react
4 Ways to react to Survival Stress
- Fight
- Flight
- Posture
- Submit
Submit (define)
To completely relinquish control to another
Describe the psychological changes that may occur while experiencing survival…
Some subjects may fight or flee while others may submit. Other subjects might become verbally and physically threatening. An officer might posture by displaying a show of force without using force.
Describe the physiological changes that may occur while experiencing survival stress…
(List)
- increase of heart rate and respiration
- Diminished or amplified hearing
*Distorted vision - Loss of bladder/bowel control
- Increase reaction time
- Motor performance changes: loss of fine motor skills and complex motor skills- heavier reliance on gross motor skills- complete breakdown of motor skills
- Occurrences seeming faster or slower than they are
- Objects appearing closer or farther than they are
Describe the impact that survival stress may have on an officer’s decision-making…
Instead of using a deliberate thoughtful analysis, you may rely on short, concise mental shortcuts
Describe the changes that may occur in speech patterns while experiencing survival stress…
High-stress situations can cause vocal cords to constrict and lead to a higher pitch in the voice and sometimes cracking or garbled sounds result. It can also affect the clarity of radio communications.
What is the desired state of awareness an officer should maintain while on routine duty?
Condition Yellow, is the desired state of awareness; helps to remain focused while scanning for potential problems. Can easily changed from Condition Yellow to Condition Orange or Condition Red, if needed.
Threat Awareness Spectrum (5 types)
- Condition White- Never be in this one
- Condition Yellow- Always be in this one
- Condition Orange
- Condition Red
- Condition Black- Never be in this one
Condition White
Unaware that a threat exists; attention is unfocused or preoccupied, and the officer is oblivious to potential danger in their environment
Condition Yellow
General awareness of possible threats; attention is focused, and the office scans the environment for potential threats
Condition Orange
Recognition that a threat exists; awareness of a specific threat encourages preplanning and more intense focus. Physical indicators may become evident
Condition Red
Specific threat identified and appropriate actions taken; the threat is assessed and managed through intensified cognitive and physical reactions, Survival stress functions become optimum
Condition Black
Threat mismanaged due to panicked stress response; survival stress functions break down. Submission or freezing may occur. An officer may overreact, or not react to a situation
List techniques that may assist an officer in managing the effects of survival stress
- preplan
- Stay physically fit
- Get enough rest
- Keep a nutritious diet
*Use controlled breathing techniques - Rely on techniques that involve gross motor movements rather than fine motor skills
- Train under realistic environmental conditions
- Anticipate the possibility of Resistance with every subject
- Stay proficient in physical and mental skill
- Stay proficient with firearms and other issued equipment
The fundamental principles of applying defensive tactics (8)
- balance
- Leverage
- Pain compliance
- Mechanical compliance
- Joint manipulation
- Motor dysfunction
- Penetrating strike
- clinch
Balance (define)
Maintaining balanced posture is essential in performing any technique
Balance Displacement (define)
A controlling technique used to break the subject’s balance through the use of leverage principles
Leverage (define)
Is using a great force against a weaker resistance. It is used in conjunction with joint manipulation or pain and mechanical compliance to gain control
Pain Compliance (define)
A subject’s response to a combination of pain and verbal commands to stop resisting
Mechanical Compliance (define)
An officer may gain control over a subject by applying pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement of the joint is possible, causing the subject to comply with verbal direction
Joint Manipulation (define)
An officer may gain control over a subject by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will cause pain or discomfort to the joint
Motor Dysfunction (define)
An officer may gain control over a subject by using an incapacitation technique that causes temporary impairment of muscular control
Penetrating Strike (define)
When delivering a strike, an officer strikes a muscle so that the striking object penetrates the muscle and nerves of the target area
Clinch (define)
A technique that involves holding a person tightly in a close position. You can use the clinch with striking techniques, to a transition to a takedown, or to a stalling techinque
Communication (define)
Is exchanging information through verbal and non-verbal methods
The components of appropriate verbal direction…
Communication provides valuable insight into the likelihood of cooperation and compliance of a subject
Dialogue (define)
Is a controlled, unemotional communication between an officer and a subject aimed at problem-solving and communication
Verbal Direction (define)
The use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a person know what you need or expect them to do
Touch (define)
A non-threatening, non-custodial physical contact and can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command
Identify the need for conducting a threat assessment…
There are factors that constitute a specific threat, there are certain factors, circumstances that, when taken together, may be perceived as threatening.
Recognize that threats may be fluid and constantly…. Continuously analyze situations for their threat potential.
Changing
Non-Verbal Cues (subject behavior)
- increased breathing
- Stopping all movement
- Clenched fists and quivering hands
- Refusal to show palms of hands
- Reddened or flushed face
- Expanding of veins on face and forearms
- Shifting of shoulders or change of stance
- Glancing at a target area
- Ignoring the officer
- Rapid, angry movements
(SICDS) Sudden In-Custody Death Syndrome (define)
A subject in a state of excited delirium could die suddenly and without explanation. a broad classification for unexplained in-custody deaths
When confronting a subject with unusual symptoms, immediately request…
Medical assistance
Environmental Factors (list)
- weather
- Terrain
- Presence of animals
- Bystanders
- Potential weapons
Interview Stance
!. Stand with head, hips, and feet aligned
2. Plant your feet shoulder-width apart with the knees slightly bent
4. Angle your body to the subject with the strong side away
4. Place your hands above the waist level
Offensive Ready
- Stead with your head, hips, and feet aligned and your chin tucked
- Plant your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart with the knees slightly bent
- Angle your body so that your strong side is away from the subject. Place your hands just below eye level and toward your center
Relativ Positioning (define)
It describes where you stand or position yourself in relation to the subject
Body Movement (define)
Refers to how you approach a subject or enter a scene
Reactionary Gap (define)
The distance you must keep between you and the subject to react effectively against a sudden threat
If you have visual control of the subject’s hands, how far apart must you be?
6-9 feet
When you do not have visual control of the hands, how far apart must you be?
25 feet
Danger Zone (define)
The area within the reactionary gap
Visual Control (define)
The ability to see both of the subject’s hands and to know that they are not holding any weapons
Hand Clearing Technique (list)
- Maintain an appropriate reactionary gap
- Visually scan the area for potential threats
- Aussme an appropriate stance
- Identify yourself as an officer
- Use clear, concise verbal commands; hands through hair, check ears, check mouth, wiggle hands, turn to face officer, palms facing you.
- Tell the subject to expose both palms
Reaction Time Principle (define)
The amount of time it takes for this brain to process aaaaa physical threat and the body to respond
Evasion (define)
Simply shifting your body or sidestepping to avoid the attack
Redirection (define)
Using empty-handed techniques to move the subject away
Pressure Points (define)
Techniques used to control resistant behavior by using pain compliance
What are the 2 main components of pressure points techniques
- touch pressure
- Stabilization
Touch Pressure (define)
Touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger or thumb until the subject complies
Stabilization (define)
Immobilizing the subject’s head so the subject cannot move or escape; be careful not to apply too much pressure or torque on the neck or spine when stabilizing the head
Under The Jaw (pressure point)
- Approach the subject safely
- Use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do
- Stabilize the subject’s head. Locate the pressure point under the jaw
- Apply pressure until the subject is compliant
- Follow up with appropriate action
Hollow Behind The Ear (pressure points)
- Approach the subject safely
- Use loud, clear verbal commands to let subject know what you want them to do
- Stabilize the subject’s head. Locate the pressure point in the hollow Behind the ear
- Apply pressure inward and toward the nose until the subject complies
5.decrease the pressure when the subject complies. Do not release control, just pressure. If subject begins to resist, reapply pressure
6 follow up with appropriate action
Hollow Behind the Collarbone (pressure point)
- Approach the subject safely
2 use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do - Stabilize the subject
- Locate the pressure point behind the Collarbone
- Apply pressure toward the feet until the subject is compliant
- Decease the pressure when the subject complies. If subject resist, reapply pressure
- Follow up with appropriate action
Elbow Under the Shoulder Blade (pressure point)
- Approach subject safely
- Use loud, clear verbal commands to let them know what you want them to do
- Stabilize the subject where they are face down, on their stomach
- Bend your elbow and place it on the subject’s back along the spine t the shoulder blade
- Decrease pressure with the elbow until the subject is compliant
- Follow up with appropriate action
You can use ____ , _____ , or _____ , to move the unwilling subject from one location to another
Pain compliance, mechanical, or joint manipulation
Escort Position (define)
a technique used to move a subject from one point to another without using pain compliance
Escort Position (escort)
- Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique
- Maintain an appropriate stance
- Make contact with the subject’s arm by grasping simultaneously the wrist and the upper arm just above the elbow
- Turn the subject’s palm so that it is facing you
- Move the subject, or follow up with appropriate action
Transporters/Come-Along Holds(define)
Are techniques used to move a subject from one point to another with pain compliance or mechanical compliance
Hammer lock Transporter
- Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique
- Begin from the escort Position
- A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique
- Mirror the controlled hand and rotate the subject’s controlled hand while sweeping the subject’s hand behind their back
- Maintain control by bending the wrist
- Control or move the subject, or follow up with appropriate action
Shoulder Lock TRansporter (escort)
- Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout
- Begin from the escort Position
- A strike or diversion may be necessary
- Raise the subject’s elbow upward, then roll the subject shoulder forward
- Push the controlled arm behind the subject’s back, over your forearm, placing your hand on the subject’s triceps
- Reach across the subject’s back and control the subject’s head with your right hand
- Maintain control or follow up with appropriate action
Resistance Devices (define)
Are tools, such as hand cuffs, which are designed to temporarily restrain a subject’s movements
Handcuffs (define)
Are temporary restraint devices frequently used to control a subject
Three-Point Pin
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Once a subject has been taken down to the ground, maintain control of the subject’s right arm
- Maintain the bent wrist on the subject’s right arm to gain compliance
- Place your right knee across the subject’s right shoulder blade. Avoid pressure to the spinal cord and neck when placing your knee or shin on the subject’s shoulder
- Place your left knee on the ground close to the subject’s rib with the subject’s upper arm on the front of your thigh
- Remain on the balls of your feet throughout the pin to allow quick recovery to a standing position
Handcuffing Techniques
- use loud, clear verbal commands
- Visually inspect and direct the subject into a position that prepares for handcuffing
- Approach the subject
- Draw the handcuffs from the holster
- Place one handcuff on one wrist
- Pace the other handcuff on the other wrist
- Check proper fit
- Double lock the handcuffs
- Search the subject
Removing Handcuffs
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Visually inspect and direct the subject into a position that prepares for removing handcuffs
- Approach the subject
- Draw the handcuffs key
- Remove the handcuff from one wrist and close the cuff
- Control the subject’s uncuffed hand
- Remove the other handcuff and close it
- Move away from the subject
Waist Chains
- use loud, clear verbal commands
- Position the subject facing you with their hands in front and palms facing each other. The subject’s hands should be about 6inches away from their body
- Facing the subject, place the handcuffs on their wrist, check for proper fit, and then double lock the cuffs
- Attach the black box to the handcuffs from the bottom up. Inerst the elongated end of the chain to the backside of the black box
- Direct the subject to turn around, wrapping the chain and their waist, ensuring proper fit
- Have the subject pull their hands towards their body to take the slack out of the chain. Use padlock to go through both lengths of the chain and secure on the subject’s side
Leg Restraints
- use loud, clear verbal commands
- Hold the leg Restraints with the double bar facing the subject’s legs
- Have the subject lean against a wall or kneel on a chair to maintain a balanced stance
4 apply the leg Restraints to each ankle, check for proper fit, and then double lock them
2 Types of Flexible Restraint
- flexible cuffs
- Flexible leg restraints
Search (define)
A government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy
Pat Down (define)
a physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons
s.901.151.F.S. (stop and frisk)
Before a law enforcement officer may conduct a Pat Down, they must have reasonable suspicion that the subject is armed
Reasonable Suspicion (define)
That the facts or circumstances exist that reasonably indicate that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law
Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143 (1972)
“The purpose of a pat down is not to discover evidence of a crime but to allow the officer to pursue his or her investigation without fear of violence”
Plain Touch/Feel Doctrine (define)
The officer may seize any object “whose contour or mass” the officer identifies as apparent contraband
Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993)
a law enforcement officer may pat down only the outside of the clothing for weapons
Custodial Search Technique (define)
Is used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment, a complete search of the subject
Quadrant Search Approach (define)
This divides the body into four sections horizontally and vertically, for this reason handcuff first and then search
Blocks (define)
Are reaction techniques using the arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect an impending strike from a subject to areas of the body
Upper Body Block (concept)
Using the arms to protect from the neckline to the top of the head; the officer can transition to another action, such as counter strikes
Mid Area Block (concept)
Using the arms to protect the torso and the face; the officer can transition to another action, such as counterstrikes
Empty-Hand Striking Techniques (define)
Is any impact technique using hands, arms, elbows, feet, leg, knees, or head to strike a subject in an offensive or defensive situation
Temporary Motor Dysfunction (define)
Is a type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control, such as a cramp
Target Areas-Empty-Hand Strike
- Front of shoulder (NDF)
- Top of forearm (NDF)
- Inside of forearm (NDF)
*Outside of thigh (NDF) - Inside the thigh (NDF)
- Center of abdomen (NDF)
- Top of calf (NDF)
- Chest (NDF)
- Side of neck (NDF)
- Head (NDF)
- Throat (DF)
- Eyes (NDF)
- Groin (NDF)
2 methods of delivering strikes
- penetration
- snap-back
Penetratinfg Strike (define)
Is typically used to strike a muscle. All targets are struck with the intention of preventing or stopping aggressive action
Snap-Back Strike (define)
It is delivered and then retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up for the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject. Used for striking, kicking, punching, and so on
2 Types of Strike
- swinging
- Thursting
Diversion (define)
A technique that interrupts the subject’s concentration so that energy is redirected from current focus. Can be used to gain space when you are held in a close-quarter body hold and assist in applying other defensive tactics
Palm Heel Strike
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Thrust the hand forward, striking the target area with the palm heel of the hand
- Rotate your shoulders and hips to deliver the strike
- Follow up with appropriate action
Punches
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Make a fist
- Use the knuckles to strike the specific target area
- Follow up with appropriate action
Hammer Fist Strike
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Make a fist
- Use the bottom of the fist to strike the target area
- Follow up with appropriate action
Backfist Strike
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Make a fist
- Use the back of the fist to strike the target area
- Follow up with appropriate action
Elbow Strike
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Make a proper fist
- Make a proper fist
- Bend your elbow to a 90degree angle
- Rotate your shoulders and hips to deliver the strike
- Follow up with appropriate action
Knee Strike
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Identify the target area
- Drive your knee forward into the target area
- Follow up with appropriate action
Front Kick
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Transfer your balance to the support leg
- Lifting the knee, snap foot forward
- Strike the target with either the ball or bridge of the foot
- Follow up with appropriate action
Angle Kick
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Transfer your balance to the support leg
- Lift the knee of the kicking leg and rotate the hip
- Either snap or thrust the leg toward the target area
- Strike the target with the shin or top of the foot
- Follow up with appropriate action
Takedown (define)
Are techniques used to bring a resisting subject from a standing position to the ground, making it easier to control them
Straight Arm Takedown
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an escort position
- Slightly pull the subject off balance, straightening their right arm, pulling their wrist downward with their palm toward you to your right hip
- Apply downward pressure to the elbow while maintaining control of the wrist
- A strike or diversion may be necessary
- Move your leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise
- Drop to your knee and place the subject in a prone position
- Follow up appropriate action
Hammer Lock Takedown
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- A strike or diversion may be necessary
- Move your leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise
- Drop to you knee and place the subject in a prone position
- Follow up with appropriate action
Shoulder Lock Takedown
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- A strike or diversion may be necessary
- Move your leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise
- Drop to your knee and place the subject in a prone position
- Follow up with appropriate action
Rear Takedown
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Take an extended step behind the subject and lower your center of gravity
- Once established behind the subject, place a hand on each side of the subject near the waistline/hip
- Extend one leg and plant your foot directly behind the subject’s heel
- Sit down, twisting the subject back with you
- Continue the twist/spinning motion, following the subject to the ground
- Follow up with appropriate action
Front Takedown
1.use loud, clear verbal commands
2. Grasp the subject’s body as close to their hips as possible pulling them close to you while using your head to push their upper body, causing the subject to be off balance
3. If needed, use your leg to hook the subject’s leg below their knee
4. Drag their leg toward and then behind you, lifting the subject’s leg up and back while simultaneously pushing their upper body down with your head into their chest, forcing them to the ground
5. Follow up with appropriate action
Hip Roll
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Place your hip into the subject’s lower abdomen
- Lower your center of gravity
- Pull the subject over the hip and direct them to the ground
Grappling (define)
The use of the body mechanics to leverage or control another person
Defend and Escape from a Feont Chokehold
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Tuck your chin and shrug your shoulder
- Step straight back with your leg and raised your arm as you swing that arm up and over the subject’s arm to break the hold
- Follow up with appropriate action
Defend and Escape from a Rear Chokehold
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Tuck your chin and shrug your shoulders
- Lower your center of gravity and raise your arm on the side they are choking you with
- Protect your airway with your other hand
- Create space between your hips and the subjects
- Windmill your raised ar. In a downward motion between their hip and yours as you turn into the subject, grabbing their upper back
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Escape from Front Body Hold Over/Under Arms
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Lower your center of gravity
- Perform one kr more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas
- Follow up with appropriate actions
- For escaping over the arms, create distance between you and the subject by putting your palms on the subject’s hip
- For escaping from under the arms, push the head away and follow up with appropriate actions
Escape from Rear Body Hold Over/Under Arms
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Trap hands and lower your center of gravity
- Perform kne or more striking techniques or finger peel to break the subject’s grip
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Escape from Side Headlock
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Establish an airway, and a wide stance
- Perform one or more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas
- If the subject tries to strike with their non-choking arm, reach behind the subject and secure their striking arm with your hand by grabbing their forearm
- Perform a rear takedown
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Escape from Front Headlock
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Establish an airway and a wide stance
- Perform one or more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas
- Bring your arm over the subject’s shoulder and maintain downward pressure
- Quickly step around the subject’s lead leg using your leg to place the subject off balance
- Use your leg to buckle the subject’s leg, while driving them down with your shoulder and head pressure
- As the subject falls, move past their leg, while maintaining constant shoulder and head contact with the subject’s chest
- Guide the subject as they fall to the ground, ending in side control
Escape from Front Football Tackle
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Raise your arm in an offensive ready position
- Stop the subject’s forward motion by driving your hips forward, then shooting your legs backwards while putting your body weight on the subject’s back
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Foot Stomp
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Transfer your weight to one leg
- Lift the other leg, bending at the knee
- Using the heel of the foot, deliver a downward thrust to the subject’s foot
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Shin Scrape
- Use loud, ear verbal commands
- Assume an appropriate position
- Transfer your weight to one leg
- Lift the other leg, bending at the knee
- Turning the foot either to the inside or the outside, deliver a downward scraping thrust along the subject’s shin
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Vascular Neck Restraint (define)
Compresses certain veins and arteries in the neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness briefly
Stalling
A tactical method of safely controlling a subject until you physically recover, or reassess the situation, or back arrives
Ground Defense Position
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- From the foundation position, tuck your chin to your chesr, with your arms and hands up protecting vital areas
- Defend by kicking the subject in the knees, or other available targets
- Lift up your hips off the ground and use your feet to rotate in a circular motion tracking the subject’s movements
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Guard Stall
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- The subject is positioned between your legs as you lie on your back
- If possible, cross your ankles behind the subject’s back. If you can’t cross your ankles, squeeze your legs together around the subject’s waist
- Pull the subject down on top of you, chest-to-chest
Guard Break
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Control the subject’s hips by placing both of your palms on the subject’s torso and applying downward pressure
- Bring your leg up and plant that foot as close as possible to the subject’s hips while maintaining downward pressure on the subject’s hips with your palm
- Come to a standing position and slightly turn your leg outward
- Using your elbow/hand, simultaneously apply pressure to the subject’s inner thigh area, should open up the subject’s legs
- Create distance between you and the subject and follow up with appropriate actions
Side Control
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- The subject is on their back
- From the side, maintain chest-to-chesr contact using your body weight to control the subject beneath you
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Defend and Escape from Side Control
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- As the subject attacks from the right side, bring your arm across and underneath the subject’s neck
- Place your hand on the subject’s hip, blocking any hip movements
- Push off with one foot, force your hips up, and push out toward the opposite side. At the same time, place your hand on the subject’s hip to control, push away, and escape
- If you are unable to escape, recover the guard position
- Follow up with appropriate actions
Intermediate Weapons
Are tools used when empty-handed control is ineffective, but the subject’s level of resistance does not merit deadly force
Impact Weapon
Any object used for striking. May disable or cause temporary motor dysfunction
Weapons of Opportunity
Any item an officer has at hand may be used as a potential impact weapon when needed
Interview Stance with a Impact Weapon
A low-profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg
Offensive Ready Stance with an Impact Weapon
A high-profile stance with the weapon held at a shoulder position to enable a rapid strike
Full Mount
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- Straddle the subject using your body weight to control them
Full Mount Stall
- Use loud, clear verbal commands
- The subject sits on your midsection as you lie on your back
- sit up and grab the subject around the upper body with both arms
- pull the subject down on top of you
- move your head left or right to breathe and avoid attack
- from this position, you may continue to hold the subject, escalate, or disengage
Bridge and Roll
- use loud, clear verbal commands
- the subject mounts your midsection
- use blocking techhhhniques to prevent strikes or choke attempts
- if needed, thrust your hips up to form a bridge, forcing the subject to post and allowing you to control their arms
- control the subject’s leg by placing your foot to the outside of the subject’s leg
- control the subject’s arm on the side by pulling it tight to your body; snake arm through
- push up with your foot and drive your hips up to a bridge, thrusting the subject upward while you roll the subject onto their back. you will end up on top and between the subject’s legs (the guard position)
- follow up with appropriate action
Defend and Escape from a Rear Mount
- Loud, clear verbal commands
- The subject mounts your lower back and places their legs to the outside of your legs to control you. The subject holds you down with their body weight
- Keep your hands around your head for protection from strikes and chokes
- Create space between you and the subject
- Turn onto your back as quickly as possible
- Follow up with an escape from full mount (bridge and roll/elbow escape)
Intermediate Weapons (define)
Are tools used when empty-handed control is ineffective, but the subject’s level of resistance does not merit deadly force
Impact Weapon (define)
Any object used for striking. May disable or cause temporary motor dysfunction
Weapons of Opportunity (define)
Any item an officer has a hand may be used as a potential impact weapon needed; unconventional impact weapons
Interview Stance with an Impact Weapon (define)
A low-profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg
Offensive Ready Stance with an Impact Weapon (define)
a high-profile stance with the weapon held at a shoulder position to enable a rapid strike
Target Areas- Impact Weapons Strikes (list)
- Front of Shoulder (NDF)
- Top of Forearm (NDF)
- Inside of Forearm (NDF)
- Outside of Thigh (NDF)
- Inside of Thigh (NDF)
- Center of Abdomen (NDF)
- Top of Calf (NDF)
- Side of Neck (DF)
- Head (DF)
- Throat (DF)
- Goin (DF)
