The West, Gilded Age, & Progressive Era

Question 1

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Invention of the:
- Bessemer Process, which allows us to make steel fast and cheap for building trains, skyscrapers, giant ships, bridges, and barbed wire
- Typewriter, which provides women with jobs where they work as stenographers
- Light bulb, movie camera,
projector, phonograph, telephone, and the system for producing and distributing electricity, phonograph, movie camera, projector

Question 2

Social Darwinism

Question 3

Gilded Age

Answer 3

Time in American history that looks
good on the outside, but underneath it is not good

Question 4

Progressive/Muckraker

Question 5

Homestead Act

Question 6

Transcontinental Railroad

Question 7

Black Elk vs. President Harrison & Wounded Knee

Question 8

Dawes Act & Assimilation

Question 9

Political Machines

Question 10

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 10

“Separate but equal”

Question 11

New immigrants vs. old immigrants

Question 12

Nativism and immigration laws

Question 13

Andrew Carnegie

Question 14

Rockerfeller

Question 15

Vanderbilt

Question 16

JP Morgan

Question 17

Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 17

Debate over the path to progress for Black Americans: T. Washington owned a school, and wanted them to succeed slowly with education and training. He was less concerned with immediate equality, as he did not want to threaten white America.
This methodology was criticized by W.E.B.
DuBois, who believed that equality in
legislation, voting, and education were important immediately. He wanted faster equality, and believed that protests and action was necessary to achieve that.

Question 18

Upton Sinclair

Answer 18

Wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the meatpacking industry. Its publication caused calls for safer and cleaner conditions at the plants, which resulted in the Pure Food & Drug Act.

Question 19

Ida Tarbell

Answer 19

One of the first well-known
woman journalists in the US, spent years researching Rockefeller’s Standard Oil and exposing his ruthless business practices

Question 20

Ida B. Wells

Answer 20

Advocate for anti-lynching and equality: she organized a national anti-lynching crusade, helped found the NAACP, and formed a suffrage club for African American women in Illinois.

Question 21

John Spargo

Answer 21

Wrote a book exposing child labor: showed how bad conditions for kids were and how a lack of education had an impact on their future. Child labor was later banned in 1938.

Question 22

President Teddy Roosevelt

Answer 22

Conserved millions of acres of land by creating national parks. Was known as Teddy “Trust Buster”, as he used his presidential power to break up
monopolies

Question 23

Jane Addams

Answer 23

Developed a volunteer-run “Hull House”) to help immigrants assimilate and allow them to have better education, work, and living situations

Question 24

Jacob Riis

Answer 24

A photographer; used photography to
show the conditions of the urban poor.
Made “How the Other Half Lives” in an attempt to make tenements safer, cleaner, and give them lights and bathrooms

Question 25

Florence Kelly

Answer 25

Founded the National Child Labor Committee. It was somewhat successful:
Illinois prohibited child labor and limited the hours women were forced to work. Some of the other states didn’t join the committee, others didn’t enforce the laws.

Question 26

The formation of labor unions in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s

Answer 26

Unions were workers joining together to use combined strength to have a voice regarding their working conditions. They demanded and received no child labour, a shorter workweek, less hours, higher wages, and safer working conditions

Question 27

Roosevelt being view as a Progressive President through trust busting

Answer 27

When a company controls an entire industry and has no competition, it usually leads to corruption. Trusts are BAD for consumers because businesses can charge high prices for low quality. Teddy Roosevelt was known as the “Trust Buster” for using his presidential power to break up monopolies. He did this with Standard Oil in 1911 and broke it up into 39 companies

Question 28

The publication of the book “The Jungle”

Answer 28

Written by Upton Sinclair, “The Jungle” exposed the meatpacking industry. Meat packaging plants had been letting rats and other disgusting items into food. There was also no place for workers to wash their hands. This caused calls for safer and cleaner conditions at the plants, and resulted in the Pure Food & Drug Act.

Question 29

The Homestead Act and transcontinental railroad in relation to settlers and Native Americans

Question 30

Political machines in big cities

Question 31

Life in the west for Native Americans and cowboys

Question 32

The impact of tragedies like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

Answer 32

The Factory fire killed 146 workers, but the owners were found not responsible. Tragedies like this showed a need for safety protocols such as fire exits. These safety measures were advocated for by labor unions