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history - weimar and nazi germany > the weimar republic 1918-29 > Flashcards

the weimar republic 1918-29 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did WW1 end?

A

1918

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2
Q

Who was the first German president and what party was he the leader of?

A

Friedrich Ebert, who was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP)?

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3
Q

What type of constitution did Ebert declare Germany?

A

A republic.

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4
Q

How many German troops died in WW1?

A

2 million

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5
Q

How many German troops were wounded in WW1?

A

Over 4 million.

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6
Q

How many German troops in total fought in the war?

A

11 million

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7
Q

What did government debts increase to after the war?

A

150 million marks.

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8
Q

How many Germans died because of food shortages after the war?

A

Over 750,000.

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9
Q

Because of the devastating effects of the war, what did many people begin to do?

A

Striking and rioting in the streets of Berlin.

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10
Q

Who did many civilians and soldiers become angry at for the failures and problems caused by the war?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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11
Q

What recent event were the Berlin riots influenced by?

A

The Russian Revolution.

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12
Q

What dates did Government rule break down all over Germany, causing strikes and riots?

A

5th - 7th November 1918

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13
Q

When and what was the Kiel Mutiny?

A

On the 29th October 1918 Germany soldiers refused to follow orders and so unrest spread.

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14
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

A

9th November 1918

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15
Q

Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

A

He lost support from his army and ministers and so was left with no option.

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16
Q

Which country did Kaiser Wilhelm II flee to?

A

Holland.

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17
Q

Who set up the Weimar Republic?

A

Friedrich Ebert.

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18
Q

Why was the Weimar republic set up?

A

Ebert feared a Communist takeover.

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19
Q

Who declared the new Weimar Republic to the crowds in Berlin?

A

Phillip Schiedemman.

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20
Q

What was the armistice?

A

The peace agreement between Germany and the allies.

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21
Q

What date was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918.

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22
Q

What date was the Weimar Constitution introduced?

A

31st July 1919?

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23
Q

What town was the Weimar Constitution drawn up in?

A

Weimar.

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24
Q

Why was the Weimar Constitution not drawn up in Berlin?

A

Because there was still unrest there.

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25
Q

Who was the head of state in the Weimar Constitution?

A

The President.

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26
Q

How often was the President elected?

A

Every 7 years.

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27
Q

What did Article 48 state?

A

That the President could overrule the Consititution and pass laws by decree.

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28
Q

How was the Chancellor elected?

A

Chosen by the President.

29
Q

What was the role of the Chancellor?

A

Head of government.

30
Q

What was the Cabinet?

A

The main decision making body in the government.

31
Q

What two houses was Parliament made up of?

A

The Reichstag and the Reichsrat.

32
Q

What voting system did the Weimar Republic use?

A

Proportional representation.

33
Q

How did proportional representation work?

A

Each party gets a percentage of seats which corresponds to the total percentage of the vote they got.

34
Q

How often was the Reichstag elected?

A

At least every 4 years.

35
Q

Which parliamentary house was more powerful?

A

The Reichstag.

36
Q

What did the Reichstag control?

A

Taxation.

37
Q

How often was the Reichsrat elected?

A

Every 4 years.

38
Q

How did the Reichsrat represent the regions of Germany?

A

Each region sent a certain number of representatives depending on its size.

39
Q

Who could vote in the Weimar Republic?

A

Men and women over 20.

40
Q

Give one strength of proportional representation.

A

It made sure smaller partier had a fair share of seats.

41
Q

Give one weakness of proportional representation.

A

It was hard for parties to gain a majority, so weak coalition governments had to be formed which had weak policies and often fell apart.

42
Q

How was the power of the Reichstag regulated?

A

The Reichsrat could delay new laws.

43
Q

When did Germany surrender in the war?

A

11th November 1918.

44
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th November 1918.

45
Q

What was the nickname given to the German leaders who surrendered the war?

A

The November Criminals.

46
Q

What was the nickname given to the Treaty of versailles by the German people?

A

Diktat (meaning dictated peace).

47
Q

ToV: What did Article 231 state?

A

It was the War Guilt Clause - Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war.

48
Q

ToV: How many men was the Germany army limited to?

A

100,000 men.

49
Q

What did the reduction in German soldiers mean for them?

A

They formerly had a very large military so the restrictions meant lots of jobs were lost.

50
Q

ToV: How many battleships were the German Navy allowed?

A

6

51
Q

ToV: What new naval weapon was banned?

A

Submarines.

52
Q

ToV: How many sailors were allowed in the Navy?

A

15,000 sailors.

53
Q

ToV: What area of germany was demilitarised?

A

The Rhineland.

54
Q

ToV: What percentage of land did Germany lose?

A

13%

55
Q

ToV: How many Germans did the population decrease by?

A

6 million people.

56
Q

ToV: How much of German’s coal production was lost?

A

48%

57
Q

ToV: What coalfields did Germany lose?

A

The Saar Coalfields.

58
Q

ToV: Which German port became a free city?

A

Danzig.

59
Q

ToV: Which country was West Prussia and Posen given to?

A

Poland.

60
Q

ToV: Which country were Germany forbidden to unite with?

A

Austria.

61
Q

ToV: What organisation were Germany banned from joining?

A

The League of Nations.

62
Q

ToV: How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

A

£6.6 billion

63
Q

ToV: Which 3 countries did Germany have to pay reparations to?

A

Britain, France and Belgium.

64
Q

ToV: What country were the Saar coalfields given to and for how long?

A

France, for 15 years.

65
Q

ToV: What country were Alsace and Lorraine lost to?

A

France.

66
Q

ToV: What country were Eupen and Malmedy lost to?

A

Belgium.

67
Q

ToV: What theory did those who believed that the army had been betrayed by politicians signing the treaty believe?

A

The ‘stab in the back’ theory.

68
Q

Were the Spartacists a left or right wing party?

A

Left wing.

history - weimar and nazi germany (4 decks)

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