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Geography LG > The water cycle 5.1-5.3 > Flashcards

The water cycle 5.1-5.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Systems thinking is…

A

theory about nature of complex systems in nature
- group of components parts that work together through a web of interactions

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2
Q

What type of system is the global water cycle

A

Closed system

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3
Q

What type of system is the global water cycle and why

A

Closed system because only energy(sun) can pass into and exit the system. Water stays in the system

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4
Q

What is a store

A

where water is held

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5
Q

What is a flow

A

A process that moves water from one store to another

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6
Q

What is a flux

A

a flow (only if we know the quantity

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7
Q

What are the largest stores in the global water cycle

A
  1. ocean
  2. cyrosphere
  3. groundwater
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8
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

underground store of water

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9
Q

What is infiltration

A

water going into the ground

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10
Q

What is percolation

A

water being pulled down by gravity (further into the ground)

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11
Q

What are proportional flow lines

A

Bigger the value, bigger the arrow

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12
Q

Residency times are

A

The average amount of time a water molecule will stay in a store

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13
Q

The longest residency times are found…

A

Ice cap, glaciers and permafrost

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14
Q

The shortest residency times are found…

A

Biospheric water

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15
Q

What are fossil aquifers

A

Aquifers that are ‘sealed’ and are not being replenished

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16
Q

What are cryospheric losses

A

Increased melting of a glacial ice takes water out the cryosphere, increasing ocean stores

17
Q

A drainage basin is…

A

an area of land that is being drained by a river system

18
Q

What type of system is the drainage basin

A

Open system

19
Q

A watershead is….

A

the boundary of the drainage basin

20
Q

The Largest drainage basin is

A

amazon (7.05million km sqaured)

21
Q

The shortest drainage basin is

A

Tamborasi Indonesia (20 metres)

22
Q

What factors affect the inputs, stores, flows and outputs?

A

Climates, Soils, Relief, Vegetation, Geology, Humans

23
Q

The main input into a drainage basin is

A

precipitation

24
Q

3 main causes of precipitation

A

Orographical rainfall
Convectional rainfall
Frontal rainfall

25
Q

What is orographical rainfall

A

caused by the relief of the land forcing water vapour to rise and cooll

26
Q

What is convectional rainfall

A

caused by the heating of the earths surface leading to more buoyant parcels of humid air rising.

27
Q

What is Frontal rainfall

A

cause by warmer air masses rising above denser, colder air masses

28
Q

Explain 3 impacts pf deforestation on the hydrological system

A

less evapotranspiration
less interception
it can degrade soils

29
Q

What is the water budget

A

shows the annual balance between inputs and outputs

30
Q

A river regime is…

A

the difference in the discharge of the river throughout the year

31
Q

What are simple river regimes

A

charactersied by high flow in the summer and low flow in the winter

32
Q

What are complex river regimes

A

characterised by brigning water from various different climate zones fluctuates more.

33
Q

What are SUDS?

A

Sustainable drainage system
e.g. green roofs, permable basisn, detention basins

34
Q

What is the PDSI?

A

palmers drought severity index

35
Q

What causes droughts?
Physical

A

less precipitation
more wind
heatwaves
Enso

36
Q

What causes droughts?
Human

A

water wastage
over abstraction
water pollution
mismanagment
deforestation

37
Q

ITCS

A

inter tropical convergent zone
where the winds are meeting

38
Q

A monsoon is

A
39
Q

A blocking high pressure system is

A

where air moves down and spreads out.

Geography LG (1 decks)

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