The Water

Question 1

Autonomous Underwater Explorers (term)

Answer 1

miniature robots that collect data about the ocean on a small or local scale

Question 2

Autonomous Underwater Explorers (usage)

Answer 2

Autonomous underwater explorers can provide information about aspects of the ocean that affect organisms like tiny abalone larvae.

Question 3

Nereus (term)

Answer 3

unmanned robot that can collect deep sea data

Question 4

Nereus (usage)

Answer 4

The Nereus is able to explore areas of the ocean that were previously inaccessible.

Question 5

Proteorhodopsins (term)

Answer 5

ocean microbes that can convert sunlight into energy independent of photosynthesis

Question 6

Proteorhodopsins (usage)

Answer 6

Scientists have learned about alternate ways of deriving energy from the sun by studying proteorhodopsins.

Question 7

Methane Hydrate (term)

Answer 7

methane gas frozen within ice crystals

Question 8

Methane Hydrate (usage)

Answer 8

Methane hydrates are a potential new source of natural gas.

Question 9

Pannes (term)

Answer 9

small, isolated pools of water occurring in areas of low elevation

Question 10

Pannes (usage)

Answer 10

Areas of salt marshes with low elevation will collect water, forming pannes.

Question 11

Mangrove (term)

Answer 11

a tree or shrub that grows in saline coastal habitats

Question 12

Mangrove (usage)

Answer 12

Mangrove forests are found along tropical seacoasts.

Question 13

Pneumatophores (term)

Answer 13

specialized roots that stick up above the soil and absorb carbon dioxide from the air when the the soil is covered by water

Question 14

Pneumatophores (usage)

Answer 14

Mangrove trees have specialized roots called, pneumatophores, that are helpful in waterlogged conditions.

Question 15

Prop Roots (term)

Answer 15

specialized roots that grow downward from the trunk toward the ground

Question 16

Prop Roots (usage)

Answer 16

The prop roots of mangrove trees are sometimes called stilt roots.

Question 17

Planulae (term)

Answer 17

free-swimming coral larvae

Question 18

Planulae (usage)

Answer 18

Coral formation begins with planulae attaching themselves to the edges of islands or continents.

Question 19

Fringing (term)

Answer 19

major coral structure that projects from the shore toward the sea and borders the shoreline

Question 20

Fringing (usage)

Answer 20

The most common coral reef structure is fringing.

Question 21

Barrier (term)

Answer 21

major coral structure that borders shorelines at a distance

Question 22

Barrier (usage)

Answer 22

The barrier coral reef structure is separated from the land by a space of open, deep water.

Question 23

Atoll (term)

Answer 23

major coral structure that forms in a circular pattern around lagoons

Question 24

Atoll (usage)

Answer 24

Fringing reefs that grow around volcanic islands can become atolls if the coral continues to grow upward, and the volcano subsides.

Question 25

Polyps (term)

Answer 25

individual organisms with a gastrovascular cavity and circle of tentacles that make up coral

Question 26

Polyps (usage)

Answer 26

Coral are composed of groups of polyps.

Question 27

Nematocytes (term)

Answer 27

cells located in the tentacles of polyps that deliver toxins

Question 28

Nematocytes (usage)

Answer 28

The toxins in the nematocytes allow polyps to capture prey and provide a defense from predators.

Question 29

Zooxanthellae (term)

Answer 29

algae found within the gastrovascular cavity of coral

Question 30

Zooxanthellae (usage)

Answer 30

Coral has a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae.

Question 31

Coral Bleaching (term)

Answer 31

the changing of coral to a white appearance that occurs when polyps expel algal cells

Question 32

Coral Bleaching (usage)

Answer 32

Coral bleaching occurs when coral experience stressful conditions.

Question 33

Harvesting (term)

Answer 33

removing fish and coral for commercial use

Question 34

Harvesting (usage)

Answer 34

Some harvesting methods used in coral reefs cause extensive damage to the ecosystem.

Question 35

Mariculture (term)

Answer 35

farming of coral organisms for commercial purposes

Question 36

Mariculture (usage)

Answer 36

While successful at farming certain organisms, mariculture cannot meet all harvesting demands.

Question 37

Marine Debris (term)

Answer 37

refuse discarded by humans in the ocean

Question 38

Marine Debris (usage)

Answer 38

Marine debris can enter the ocean by being directly thrown there, or by being carried by rivers into the ocean.

Question 39

Fishery (term)

Answer 39

entity that raises or harvests fish

Question 40

Fishery (usage)

Answer 40

A group that harvests crustaceans is considered a fishery.

Question 41

Overfishing (term)

Answer 41

harvesting fish until their populations fall below acceptable levels

Question 42

Overfishing (usage)

Answer 42

Overfishing can lead to the loss of marine species.

Question 43

Sustainability (term)

Answer 43

meeting the present demands of fisheries, while preserving the ability to meet future demands

Question 44

Sustainability (usage)

Answer 44

Without sustainability, fisheries will have increased difficulty meeting future demands for seafood.

Question 45

Trawling (term)

Answer 45

fishing method that involves dragging a net behind a boat

Question 46

Trawling (usage)

Answer 46

The process of trawling can be damaging to marine populations, because it is not selective.

Question 47

By-Catch (term)

Answer 47

fish species that are caught but not targeted

Question 48

By- Catch (usage)

Answer 48

Fishing practices that produce a lot of by-catch can seriously impact marine populations.